Perinatal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a hospital-based cohort study

Table 1 Community-based characteristics of pregnant mothers presenting for delivery, Faridpur, Bangladesh, 2020 (N = 177)

	n	% or range
Number of women who completed the study	177
Number of babies	179
Median age of women*	25	17–40
Highest education completed
No formal education	12	7%
Primary school	35	20%
Secondary school	112	63%
Bachelor’s degree	10	6%
Master’s degree	8	5%
Occupation**
Homemaker	174	98%
Poultry/livestock rearer	14	8%
Student	6	3%
Domestic animal contact during pregnancy	177	100%
Median monthly income (USD)***	201	60–885
Median household size	5	2–8⁺
Main water source – tube well	173	98%
Toilet type
Shared pit latrine	82	46%
Private pit latrine	57	32%
Flush/pour flush toilet	38	22%
Nulliparous at enrollment	58	33%
Antenatal care visits
None	35	20%
1–3 visits	117	66%
4 or more visits	25	14%
Pregnancy complications (self-reported)
Anemia	87	49%
Urinary infection	32	18%
Bleeding	17	10%
High blood pressure	14	8%
Antibiotic use within 30 days prior to admission	23	13%
Hospitalization during pregnancy prior to delivery	21	12%
Timing of delivery
Preterm (< 37 weeks)	54	31%
Full term (37–42 weeks)	110	62%
Post term (> 42 weeks)	13	7%

*N = 169. Those without a reported age were excluded from the median age calculation
**Occupation categories are not mutually exclusive as women were asked to report all occupations
***N = 176. The individual without income data available was excluded from the median income calculation

ISSN: 2047-2994