Area | Method | Sample size | Performance | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Sensitivity | specificity | PPV | NPV |
Bangkok (Thailand) [25] | Quantitative | 76 | 100.0% | 94.0% | 91.6% | 100.0% |
Brazil [26] | Quantitative | 69 | 78.6% | 87.5% | 91.7% | 70.0% |
Tamil, Nadu (India) [23] | Semi-quantitative | 250 | 80.0% | 60.0% | 7.7% | 98.6% |
Rawalpindi (Pakistan) [20] | Qualitative | 100 | 85.6% | 95.0% | 82.7% | 95.9% |
Delhi (India) [21] | Qualitative | 150 | 76.0% | 79.0% | 37.0% | 96.0% |
*Port Harcourt (Nigeria) | Qualitative | 420 | 74.0% | 74.1% | 68.4% | 79.0% |