Table 1 Factors associated with VRE detection in cases and controls (Univariate analysis)

Participants

58

116

-

-

Age ≥ 65 (years)

35 (60.3%)

56 (48.2%)

1.63 (0.82 to 3.26)

0.13

Male

36 (62.1%)

74 (63.8%)

0.92 (0.46 to 1.88)

0.82

Antibiotics

Exposure to any antibiotic

45 (77.6%)

55 (47.4%)

3.83 (1.79 to 8.54)

<0.001

Meropenem

8 (13.8%)

2 (1.7%)

9.12 (1.71 to 89.92)

0.001

Antibiotics other than meropenem

39 (67.2%)

54 (46.5%)

4.5 (2.06 to 10.71)

0.001

Vancomycin

13 (22.4%)

19 (16.38%)

1.47 (0.61 to 3.46)

0.33

Teicoplanin

2 (3.4%)

2 (1.7%)

2.03 (0.14 to 28.63)

0.47

Any cephalosporin

19 (32.8%)

32 (27.6%)

1.27 (0.60 to 2.66)

0.47

Ceftriaxone

11 (18.9%)

24 (20.7%)

0.89 (0.36 to 2.11)

0.78

Cefotaxime

2 (3.4%)

0

-

-

Ceftazidime

5 (8.6%)

4 (3.4%)

2.64 (0.54 to 13.79)

0.14

Cefepime

1 (1.7%)

6 (5.2%)

0.32 (0.01 to 2.76)

0.27

Metronidazole

5 (8.6%)

19 (16.4%)

0.48 (0.13 to 1.43)

0.16

Ciprofloxacin

11 (18.9%)

9 (7.8%)

2.78 (0.96 to 8.11)

0.03

Ticarcillin-clavulanate

11 (18.9%)

12 (10.3%)

2.02 (0.74 to 5.41)

0.11

Ampicillin

1 (1.7%)

3 (2.6%)

0.66 (0.01 to 8.45)

0.72

Gentamicin

2 (3.4%)

9 (7.8%)

0.42 (0.04 to 2.16)

0.27

Piperacillin-tazobactam

5 (8.6%)

3 (2.6%)

3.55 (0.65 to 23.53)

0.07

Other factors

ICU admission

18 (31.1%)

26 (22.4%)

1.55 (0.71 to 3.33)

0.21

Within 2 rooms of positive case

30 (62.5%)

54 (65.8%)

0.86 (0.38 to 1.94)

0.69

On same side as positive case

48 (82.8%)

83 (77.6%)

1.38 (0.57 to 3.53)

0.43

Diarrhoea

12 (21.1%)

11 (9.5%)

2.54 (0.94 to 6.85)

0.03

Length of stay (Median days)

11.5 (7–30)

6.0 (3–13)

-

<0.001

Length of stay ≥7 days

43 (74.2%)

43 (37.1%)

4.86 (2.30 to 10.51)

<0.001