Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program on the medical-surgical service of a 100-bed community hospital

Table 1 Patient characteristics during baseline and intervention periods of an antimicrobial stewardship program

Variable	Baseline	Intervention	P ^a
Discharges, no.	1409	3054
Age, mean (SD), years	57.4 (18.6)	57.4 (18.7)	.933
Male sex	628 (44.6)	1304 (42.7)	.241
Race
Asian	93 (6.6)	197 (6.5)	.850
Black	185 (13.1)	463 (15.2)	.074
Hispanic	180 (12.8)	377 (12.3)	.686
White	940 (66.7)	1971 (64.5)	.156
Health insurance
Commercial, HMO, PPO	627 (44.5)	1274 (41.7)	.084
Medicare, Managed Care Medicare	639 (45.4)	1382 (45.3)	.951
Medicaid, Managed Care Medicaid	37 (2.6)	95 (3.1)	.374
ALOS, mean (SD), days	3.9 (0.3)	3.6 (0.3)	.118
Primary ICD-9 diagnosis code(s)
Circulatory	314 (22.3)	593 (19.4)	.027
Diabetes mellitus	19 (1.3)	48 (1.6)	.569
Digestive	202 (14.3)	468 (15.3)	.391
Genitourinary	182 (12.9)	454 (14.9)	.083
Infectious and parasitic	57 (4.0)	110 (3.6)	.468
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue	61 (4.3)	160 (5.2)	.193
Neoplasms	144 (10.2)	293 (9.6)	.513
Respiratory	124 (8.8)	276 (9.0)	.797
Skin and subcutaneous tissue	43 (3.1)	81 (2.7)	.450

NOTE:
Data are no. (%) of discharged medical-surgical service patients, unless otherwise indicated.
^a - The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous data, and the χ² test was used to compare categorical data.
Abbreviations: ALOS, average length of stay; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, 9^th Revision; PPO, preferred provider organization; SD, standard deviation.