Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Asia

Table 1 Antimicrobial resistance rates and MIC values for Clostridium difficile isolates from different countries

(Reference)	Number of isolates	[Resistance rate] (%), MIC₅₀ (mg/L), MIC₉₀ (mg/L)
(Reference)	Number of isolates	Erythromycin	Clindamycin	Tetracycline	Moxifloxacin	Ciprofloxacin	Piperacillin/ tazobactam	Metronidazole	Vancomycin
China
[37]	75	[76], 128, 128	[66.7], 128, 128	[41.3], 4, 64	[45.3], 4, 128	[100], 64, 128	[0], <16/4, 16/4	[0], 0.25, 0.25	[0], 1, 2
[39]	110	[85.3], 128, 128	[88.1], 128, 128	[62.7], 16, 32	[61.8], 16, 128	[100], 64, 128	[0], 8/4, 16/4	[0]^a, 0.125, 0.25	[0], 0.5, 1
Hong Kong
[40]	35					[100]		0.5, 0.75	0.75, 1.5
Japan
[77]	73	[87.7], >256, >256	[87.7], >256, >256			[100], >32, >32		[0], 0.19, 0.25	[0], 2, 4
[16]	72				[12]^b	[100]		[0]	[0]
Korea
[31]	120		[50], 128, >128		[42], 2, 16		[0], 8, 16	[0], 1,4	[0], 0.5, 1
[19]	111		[82]		[83]
[33]	131		[67.9]		[82]			[0]	[0]
[78]	123		[75]		[85]
Singapore
[60]	68		[63], 8, >512					[0], 0.5, 1	[0], 1, 1
Taiwan
[79]	60		[73.3], 16, 64	[41.7], 8, >16	[30]	[100]
[47]	113		[46], 4, >256		[16]			[0]

^a 18 isolates showed heteroresistance to metronidazole, ^bsubset of 25 isolates tested

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