From: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates, infants and children
Region | Reference (Author, Country, Year of publication, Ref No) | Setting | Patients | VAP* | VD* | Incidence density (N/1000 ventilation-days) | %** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle | Afjeh, Iran, 2012 [27] | NICU* | 281 | 14 | 1207 | 11.6 | 17.3 |
East/Persia | Almuneef, Saudi Arabia, 2004 [28] | PICU* | 2361 | 37 | 4173 | 8.9 | 10.3 |
 | Shaath, Saudi Arabia, 2013 [29] | Cardiac surgery | 1137 | 9 | 306 | 29.4 | 6.6 |
South Asia | Awasthi, India, 2013 [19] | PICU* | 2105 | 38 | - | - | 36.2 |
East Asia | Yuan, China, 2007 [30] | NICU* | 2259 | 52 | 1130 | 46.0 | 20.1 |
 | Navoa-Ng, Philippines, 2011 [31] | PICU* | 3252 | 6 | 391 | 0.44 | 2.4 |
 | Navoa-Ng, Philippines, 2011 [31] | NICU* | 31813 | 1 | 2279 | 12.8 | 0.06 |
 | Xu, China, 2007 [32] | NICU* | 33942 | 143 | 2259 | 63.3 | 3.6 |
 | Cai, China, 2010 [33] | NICU* | 31159 | 38 | 779 | 48.8 | 3.3 |
Europe | Geffers, Germany, 2008 [21] | NICU* (<1500Â g) | 38677 | 176 | 64090 | 2.7 | 2.0 |
 | Leistner, Germany, 2013 [22] | NICU* (<1500 g) | - | 345 | 158024 | 2.2 | - |
 | Tekin, Turkey, 2013 [34] | NICU* | 36932 | 76 | 11939 | 6.4 | 1.1 |
 | Yalaz, Turkey, 2012 [35] | NICU* | 2162 | 40 | 2907 | 13.8 | 24.7 |
 | Patria, Italy, 2013 [25] | PICU* | 3451 | 30 | - | - | 6.7 |
 | Hentschel, Switzerland, 2005 [36] | NICU* | 121 | 1 | 80 | 12.5 | 4.8 |
 | Roeleveld, Netherlands, 2011 [37] | Cardiac surgery | 1125 | 11 | 644 | 17.1 | 8.8 |
 | Gastmeier, Germany, 2002 [38] | Burn unit | 341 | 8 | 145 | 55.2 | 19.5 |
 | Oezdemir, Turkey, 2011 [39] | PICU* | 3203 | - | - | 15.7 | - |
 | Jordan Garcia, Spain, 2014 [40] | PICU* | 3300 | 4 | 422 | 9.5 | 1.3 |
 | Turkish Neonatal Society; 2010 [41] | NICU* | 39359 | - | - | - | 1.7 |
North | Edwards, USA, 2008 [23] | PICU* | - | 176 | 85809 | 2.1 | - |
America | Edwards, USA, 2008 [23] | NICU* | - | 410 | 203466 | 2.0 | - |
 | Edwards, USA, 2007 [42] | PICU* | - | 81 | 32936 | 2.5 | - |
 | Edwards, USA, 2007 [42] | NICU* | - | 121 | 63075 | 1.9 | - |
 | Hocevar, USA, 2012 [43] | NICU* | - | 701 | 336527 | 2.1 | - |
 | Stover, USA, 2001 [44] | PICU* | - | - | - | 3.7 | - |
 | Stover, USA, 2001 [44] | NICU* | - | - | - | 2.5 | - |
 | Apisarnthanarak, USA, 2003 [45] | NICU* (ELBW) | 2211 | 24 | 4173 | 5.8 | 11.4 |
 | Elward, USA, 2002 [46] | PICU* | 1595 | 34 | 2931 | 11.6 | 5.1 |
 | Weber, USA, 1997 [47] | Burn unit | 140 | 7 | 614 | 11.4 | 17.5 |
 | Martinez-Aguilar, Mexico, 2001 [48] | PICU* | - | 44 | 1571 | 28 | - |
South | Abramczyk, Brazil, 2003 [11] | PICU* | 3515 | 40 | 2120 | 18.7 | 7.8 |
America | Pessoa-Silva, Brazil, 2004 [49] | NICU* | 34878 | 83 | 10494 | 7.9 | 1.7 |
 | Araujo da Silva Brazil, 2012 [50] | Homecare | 19 | 23 | 3394 | 6.8 | - |
 | Casado, Brazil, 2011 [51] | PICU* | 1366 | 39 | 1439 | 27.1 | 10.7 |
 | Duenas, Argentina, 2011 [52] | PICU* | 31145 | 93 | 7709 | 12.1 | 8.1 |
 | Duenas, Argentina, 2011 [52] | NICU* | 31270 | 139 | 8634 | 16.1 | 10.9 |
 | Becerra, Peru, 2010 [53] | PICU* | 3414 | 27 | 3420 | 7.9 | 6.5 |
 | Fernandez Jonusas, Argentina, 2011 [54] | NICU* | 31530 | 6 | 3157 | 1.9 | 0.4 |
Africa | Rasslan , Egypt, 2012 [20] | PICU* | 3143 | 18 | 567 | 31.8 | 12.6 |
 | Rogers, South Africa, 2014 [55] | Burn unit | 292 | 41 | - | 30.0 | 40.2 |
 | El-Kholy, Egypt, 2012 [56] | PICU* | 1211 | 54 | 1478 | 36.5 | 25.6 |
 | El-Kholy, Egypt, 2012 [56] | NICU* | 1127 | 26 | 1003 | 25.9 | 20.5 |
 | Ben Jaballah, Tunisia, 2006 [57] | PICU/NICU* | 3340 | 7 | 1591 | 4.4 | 2.1 |
 | Badr, Egypt, 2011 [58] | NICU* | 256 | 32 | 315 | 101.6 | 57.1 |
 | El-Nawawy, Egypt, 2006 [59] | PICU* | - | - | - | 10.9 | - |
Australia | Gautam, Australia, 2012 [26] | PICU* | 2269 | 18 | 2564 | 7.0 | 6.7 |