|
NNIS (2004)
|
USA
|
ICU
|
Imipenem resistance = 15%
|
[18]
|
|
Quinolone resistance = 9%
|
|
3rd-generation cephalosporin resistance = 20%
|
|
Obritsch et al. (2004)
|
USA
|
ICU
|
MDR P. aeruginosa (defined as resistance to at least three of the following four drugs: imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and tobramycin) increased from 4% in 1993 to 14% in 2002
|
[19]
|
|
Morrow et al. (2013)
|
USA
|
Tertiary
|
Doripenem resistance = 11.4%
|
[20]
|
|
Imipenem resistance = 21.9%
|
|
Meropenem resistance = 15.4%
|
|
Levofloxacin resistance = 26.0%
|
|
Ceftazidime resistance = 15.2%
|
|
Tobramycin resistance = 10.1%
|
|
Piperacillin / tazobactam resistance = 14.7%
|
|
Souli et al. (2008), European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2013)
|
Europe
|
Tertiary
|
Carbapenem resistance = > 25%
|
[21, 22]
|
|
De Francesco et al. (2013)
|
Italy
|
Tertiary
|
MDR P. aeruginosa (defined as resistance to 5 commonly prescribed antibiotics) increased from 2.1% in 2007 to 4.1% in 2010
|
[23]
|
|
Joo et al. (2011)
|
Korea
|
Tertiary
|
Ceftazidime resistance = 37%
|
[24]
|
|
Piperacillin resistance = 22%
|
|
Imipenem resistance = 23%
|
|
Fluoroquinolone resistance = 24%
|
|
Aminoglycoside resistance = 18%
|
|
Gales et al. (2001)
|
South America
|
Tertiary
|
MDR resistance = 8.2%
|
[25]
|
|
Raja et al. (2001)
|
Malaysia
|
Tertiary
|
MDR resistance = 6.9%
|
[26]
|
