Table 2 Factors Associated with Antibiotic Use among 1884 Fever Patients at Febrile Polyclinics, December 2007-February 2013
Characteristics | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)a | ||||
17–24 | 1 | 0.0463 | 1 | 0.7211 |
25–34 | 0.70 (0.49–1.00) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | ||
35–44 | 1.09 (0.75–1.59) | 1.26 (0.83–1.93) | ||
45–54 | 1.15 (0.78–1.69) | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | ||
55–64 | 1.19 (0.77–1.83) | 1.14 (0.70–1.84) | ||
65 and above | 1.40 (0.80–2.42) | 0.83 (0.45–1.55) | ||
Gendera | ||||
Female | 1 | 0.0035 | 1 | 0.5817 |
Male | 0.69 (0.54–0.88) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | ||
Year of enrolmenta | ||||
Dec 2007–2008 | 1 | 0.0037 | 1 | 0.0177 |
2009 | 1.25 (0.75–2.09) | 1.83 (1.04–3.23) | ||
2010 | 0.60 (0.37–0.96) | 1.37 (0.79–2.36) | ||
2011 | 0.91 (0.57–1.44) | 2.03 (1.18–3.47) | ||
2012-Feb 2013 | 0.78 (0.47–1.31) | 1.24 (0.70–2.21) | ||
Polyclinic enrolleda | ||||
Polyclinic A | 1 | <0.0001 | 1 | <0.0001 |
Polyclinic B | 0.17 (0.07–0.42) | 0.22 (0.09–0.57) | ||
Polyclinic C | 0.29 (0.21–0.41) | 0.32 (0.22–0.45) | ||
Polyclinic D | 0.35 (0.21–0.58) | 0.32 (0.18–0.54) | ||
Polyclinic E | 1.44 (0.74–2.82) | 1.74 (0.80–3.78) | ||
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||
<18.5 | 1.98 (1.31–2.99) | 1.87 (1.19–2.93) | ||
18.5–22.9 | 1 | 0.0117 | 1 | 0. 0106 |
23–27.4 | 1.08 (0.81–1.46) | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) | ||
≥27.5 | 1.86 (1.32–2.60) | 1.31 (0.90–1.92) | ||
Housing type | ||||
Public housing (HDB flat) | 1 | 0.0270 | 1 | 0.0045 |
Condominium | 1.08 (0.58–2.00) | 1.02 (0.51–2.03) | ||
Dormitory/Hostel | 0.19 (0.09–0.37) | 0.38 (0.18–0.79) | ||
Landed property | 1.47 (0.94–2.28) | 1.73 (1.06–2.80) | ||
Work site | 0.49 (0.22–1.08) | 0.70 (0.30–1.64) | ||
Number of initial symptoms persisting at first follow-up | ||||
0 | 1 | 0.0414 | 1 | <0.0001 |
1 | 2.00 (1.40–2.85) | 2.00 (1.38–2.92) | ||
2 | 2.72 (1.88–3.92) | 2.67 (1.80–3.97) | ||
3 | 4.66 (3.11–6.98) | 4.26 (2.73–6.64) | ||
4 and above | 2.57 (1.76–3.75) | 2.79 (1.84–4.24) | ||
WBC count (cells/μL) at initial visit | ||||
Leukopenia (<4) | 0.83 (0.51–1.35) | 0.61 (0.38–0.99) | ||
Normal range (4–11) | 1 | 0.0097 | 1 | <0.0001 |
Leukocytosis (>11) | 1.73 (1.19–2.51) | 1.98 (1.42–2.78) | ||
Headache at initial visit | ||||
No | 1 | 0.0021 | 1 | 0.0239 |
Yes | 0.78 (0.60–1.01) | 0.73 (0.54–0.97) | ||