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Table 1 Characteristics of the selected studies
| Study | Setting | Objective | Design | Number of patients | Endpoint | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention: | Control: | |||||
| Birnbach et al. [13] | Patient room replica | To investigate the effect of the AHRD’s location on hand hygiene compliance (n = 3) | intervention study | Not applicable | hand hygiene compliance | |
| Giannitsioti et al. [14] | Internal medical unit | Not applicable | hand hygiene compliance | |||
| Thomas et al. [15] | Surgical ICU | Not applicable | disinfectant consumption | |||
| Ben-Abraham et al. [19] | Pediatric ICU | To investigate the association between single bedrooms versus multi bedrooms and healthcare associated colonization or infection rates (n = 9) | 115 | 78 | Nosocomial infection, bacteremia | |
| Bracco et al. [18] | Surgical ICU | 1619 | 903 | Bacteremia Acquisition of MRSA/ Pseudomonas | ||
| Ellison et al. [16] | General medical ward | 910 | 604 | Infection with or Acquisition of MRSA, CD, VRE | ||
| Julian et al. [17] | Neonatal ICU | 912 | 884 | CLOS, Acquisition of MRSA | ||
| Lazar et al. [21] | Pediatric ICU | 1061 | 3101 | Bacteremia | ||
| Levin et al. [23] | General ICU | 62 | 62 | Bacteremia, Acquisition of any multi-drug resistant organism | ||
| McManus et al. [20] | Burn center ICU | 914 | 1605 | Bacteremia | ||
| Mulin et al. [22] | Surgical ICU | 179 | 135 | Infection with Acinetobacter baumanii | ||
| Vietri et al. [24] | General medical/surgical ICU | 130 | 119 | Acquisition of MRSA | ||
| Jones et al. [27] | Neonatal ICU/Special Care Nursery | To investigate the association of space per cot and infection rates | Prospective observational study | 152 | 149 | Late-onset sepsis |
| Jou et al. [26] | All hospital wards except ICU | To investigate the association between patient room size and healthcare associated infection rates | Case–control study | 75 | 150 | Infection with CD |
| Yu et al. [28] | All hospital wards except pediatrics | To investigate the risk factors for health-care associated outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome | Case–control study | Not applicable | Severe acute respiratory syndrome | |
