Characteristics | Survivors (n = 11) | Non-survivors (n = 6) | P |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64.09 ± 2.57 | 68.83 ± 4.09 | 0.351b |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â |
 Malay | 2 | 2 | 0.317c |
 Chinese | 6 | 3 | 0.317c |
 Indian | 3 | 1 | 1.000c |
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 4 | 5 | 0.111c |
 Female | 7 | 1 | 0.034c |
Underlying diseases | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 9 (82%) | 4 (67%) | 0.584 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 9 (82%) | 3 (50%) | 0.280 |
 Solid organ tumor | 2 (18%) | 2 (33%) | 0.584 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 0.515 |
Site of isolation | Â | Â | Â |
 Blood | 3 (27.3%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0.515 |
 Swabs | 3 (27.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.515 |
 Urine | 2 (18.2%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0.58 |
 Drainage fluids | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
 Sputum | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
 Tissue | 1 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
 Tracheal aspirate | 0 (0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0.353 |
 Tracheal secretion | 0 (0%) | 1 (16.7%) | 0.353 |
Length of hospitalization (days) | 35.09 ± 14.88 | 38.17 ± 17.65 | 1.000d |
Stay in ICU | 2 (18%) | 2 (33%) | 0.584 |
Undergone surgical procedure | 8 (73%) | 5 (83%) | 1.000 |
Used ventilation devices | 5 (45%) | 6 (100%) | 0.043 |
Used catheter | 9 (82%) | 6 (100%) | 0.515 |
Antibiotic prescribed 90Â days prior to strain isolation | Â | Â | Â |
 Cephalosporins | 6 (55%) | 4 (67%) | 1.000 |
 Penicillins & beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors | 6 (55%) | 3 (50%) | 1.000 |
 Carbapenems | 4 (36%) | 2 (33%) | 1.000 |
 Colistin | 1 (9%) | 0 | 1.000 |
 Others (ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, metronidazole & oxytetracycline) | 8 (73%) | 4 (67%) | 1.000 |
Empiric treatment | Â | Â | Â |
 Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors | 5 (46%) | 2 (33%) | 1.000 |
 Cephalosporins | 2 (18%) | 2 (33%) | 0.584 |
 Carbapenems | 2 (18%) | 2 (33%) | 0.584 |
 Ciprofloxacin | 2 (18%) | 0 | 0.515 |
 Vancomycin | 1 (9%) | 1 (17%) | 1.000 |
 Colistin | 1 (9%) | 0 | 1.000 |
Targeted therapy | Â | Â | Â |
 Carbapenem + Colistin | 3 (27%) | 2 (33%) | 1.000 |
 Colistin | 1 (9%) | 1 (17%) | 1.000 |
 Carbapenem (Meropenem / Imipenem) | 1 (9%) | 1 (17%) | 1.000 |
 Vancomycin & Piperacillin-tazobactam | 1 (9%) | 0 | 1.000 |
 Nila | 5 (46%) | 2 (33%) | 1.000 |
Colonization / Infection | Â | Â | Â |
 Colonization | 7 (63%) | 2 (33%) | 0.162 |
 Infection | 4 (36%) | 4 (67%) | 0.162 |
Resistance to antibiotics (MIC) | Â | Â | Â |
 Imipenem | 10 (91%) | 2 (33%) | 0.04 c |
 Meropenem | 9 (82%) | 6 (100%) | 0.515 |
 Ertapenem | 9 (82%) | 5 (83%) | 0.232c |
Carbapenemases | Â | Â | Â |
 OXA-48 | 8 (73%) | 4 (67%) | 1.000 |
 KPC-2 | 5 (45%) | 3 (50%) | 1.000 |
 IMP-8 | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 0.515 |
 NMC-A | 0 (0%) | 2 (33%) | 0.110 |
 NDM-1 | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
AmpC beta-lactamases | Â | Â | Â |
 FOX-7 | 11 (100%) | 6 (100%) | NA |
ESBL | Â | Â | Â |
 CTXM-2 | 11 (100%) | 6 (100%) | NA |
 SHV | 11 (100%) | 6 (100%) | NA |
 OXA-1 | 7 (64%) | 2 (33%) | 0.335 |
 CTXM-15 | 6 (55%) | 4 (67%) | 1.000 |
 TEM | 6 (55%) | 3 (50%) | 1.000 |
 OXA-9 | 6 (55%) | 1 (17%) | 0.304c |