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Table 1 Compliance with hand hygiene at baseline and at follow up

From: Implementation of the WHO multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy in a University Hospital in Central Ethiopia

Variable

Baseline

First follow up

Second follow up

No of HH actions

No of HH opportunities

Compliance (%)

No of HH actions

No of HH opportunities

Compliance (%)

P value1

No of HH actions

No of HH opportunities

Compliance (%)

P value1

Over all

41

2888

1.4

335

2865

11.7

<0.001

294

2244

13.1

<0.001

Professional category

 Category I

25

1470

1.7

157

1387

11.3

<0.001

73

678

10.8

<0.001

 Category II

16

1418

1.1

178

1478

12.0

<0.001

221

1566

14.1

<0.001

 Nurse

14

516

2.7

103

986

10.4

<0.001

63

461

13.7

<0.001

 Midwife

6

284

2.1

46

324

14.2

<0.001

5

61

8.2

0.029

 Medical doctor

9

285

3.2

27

275

9.8

0.002

70

306

22.9

<0.001

 Intern

7

1109

0.6

151

1205

12.5

<0.001

151

1265

11.9

<0.001

Ward

 Paediatrics

9

882

1.0

50

807

6.2

<0.001

ND

ND

  

 Neonatology

24

672

3.6

166

677

24.5

<0.001

ND

ND

  

 Gynaecology

3

651

0.5

17

664

2.6

0.002

ND

ND

  

 Obstetrics

5

683

0.7

102

717

14.2

<0.001

ND

ND

  

Indication

 b. p. c.

8

550

1.5

40

459

8.7

<0.001

10

86

11.6

<0.001

 b. a. p.

2

275

0.7

5

305

1.6

0.455

20

422

4.7

0.003

 a. b. f. e.

10

258

3.9

113

398

28.4

<0.001

5

10

50.0

<0.001

 a. p. c.

15

1208

1.2

149

923

16.1

<0.001

130

924

14.1

<0.001

 a. c. p. s.

6

597

1.0

28

780

3.6

0.002

129

804

16.0

<0.001

  1. Only the major professional categories are displayed. Therefore, the sum of opportunities for these categories does not equal the total number of opportunities. Category I: nurse/midwife/health officer/emergency surgeon/nurse, midwife, health officer student; Category II: medical doctor/intern/medical student. NOTE: HH, hand hygiene; b.p.c., before patient contact; b.a.p., before aseptic procedure; a.b.f.e., after body fluid exposure; a.p.c., after patient contact; a.c.p.s., after contact with patient surroundings; ND, no data. 1Detemined by χ 2 tests with compliance at baseline as the reference.