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Table 4 Compliance to the five different WHO moments of hand hygiene pre-intervention and post intervention

From: Intervening with healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance, knowledge, and perception in a limited-resource hospital in Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial study

WHO moment

Total (%)

Compliance (%)

P value

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

1: Before

86/438 (19.6)

57/267 (21.3)

29/171 (17.0)

0.259

 Pediatrics

 

30/89 (33.7)

9/39 (23.1)

0.298

 Internal medicine

 

6/64 (9.4)

7/87 (8.0)

0.774

 Surgery

 

7/67 (10.4)

11/22 (50.0)

<0.001

 Obstetrics-gynecology

 

14/47 (29.8)

2/23 (8.7)

0.069

2: Before

16/123 (13.0)

7/87 (8.0)

9/36 (25.0)

0.017

 Pediatrics

 

4/20 (20.0)

4/8 (50.0)

0.172

 Internal medicine

 

0/31 (0)

2/14 (14.3)

0.092

 Surgery

 

2/20 (10.0)

2/4 (50.0)

0.115

 Obstetrics-gynecology

 

1/16 (6.3)

1/10 (10.0)

1.000

3: After

3/12 (25.0)

2/9 (22.2)

1/3 (33.3)

1.000

 Pediatrics

 

0/4 (0)

1/1 (100)

0.200

 Internal medicine

 

0/1 (0)

0/0 (0)

NA

 Surgery

 

1/3 (33.3)

0/0 (0)

NA

 Obstetrics-gynecology

 

1/1 (100)

0/2 (0)

0.333

4: After

299/1093 (27.4)

112/544 (20.6)

187/549 (34.1)

<0.001

 Pediatrics

 

40/133 (30.1)

79/119 (66.4)

<0.001

 Internal medicine

 

12/96 (12.5)

38/139 (27.3)

0.006

 Surgery

 

42/178 (23.6)

42/180 (23.3)

0.953

 Obstetrics-gynecology

 

18/137 (13.1)

28/78 (35.9)

<0.001

5: After

134/1100 (12.2)

45/624 (7.2)

89/476 (18.7)

<0.001

 Pediatrics

 

6/86 (7.0)

14/45 (31.1)

<0.001

 Internal medicine

 

2/172 (1.2)

27/159 (17.0)

<0.001

 Surgery

 

31/172 (18.0)

18/87 (20.7)

0.605

 Obstetrics-gynecology

 

6/194 (3.1)

30/185 (16.2)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: WHO World Health Organization
  2. 1 = before touching a patient; 2 = before a procedure; 3 = after a procedure or body fluid exposure risk; 4 = after touching a patient; 5 = after touching a patient’s surroundings