Perception | No. of HCW (%) | |||||
Departments with intervention | P value | Department without intervention | P value | |||
Pre (n = 149) | Post (n = 73) | Pre (n = 47) | Post (n = 15) | |||
Formal training on HH within 3 yearsa | 107 (71.8) | 51 (70.8) | 0.875 | 30 (63.8) | 13 (86.7) | 0.118 |
Intention to adhere to HHa | 137 (91.9) | 70 (95.9) | 0.396 | 45 (95.7) | 15 (100.0) | 1.000 |
The impact of a HAIs on a patient’s clinical outcomeb | 115 (77.2) | 64 (87.7) | 0.119 | 41 (87.2) | 14 (93.3) | 0.759 |
Effectiveness of HH in preventing HAIsb | 140 (94.0) | 65 (89.0) | 0.220 | 41 (87.2) | 12 (80.0) | 0.674 |
Importance of HH in the ward among all patient safety issuesb | 136 (91.3) | 63 (86.3) | 0.480 | 40 (85.1) | 14 (93.3) | 0.676 |
Performing HH as WHO recommended methodb | 126 (84.6) | 62 (84.9) | 0.944 | 45 (95.7) | 13 (86.7) | 0.244 |
Importance that the head of department attach to the HH behaviorb | 121 (81.2) | 61 (83.6) | 0.292 | 41 (87.2) | 13 (86.7) | 1.000 |
Importance that the colleagues attach to the HH behaviorb | 103 (69.1) | 56 (76.7) | 0.147 | 37 (78.7) | 13 (86.7) | 0.713 |
Importance that the patients attach to the HH behaviorb | 109 (73.2) | 49 (67.1) | 0.557 | 37 (78.7) | 12 (80.0) | 1.000 |
Effort to perform HH as WHO recommended methodb | 135 (90.6) | 68 (93.2) | 0.768 | 42 (89.4) | 14 (93.3) | 0.824 |
Reasons for HCW not to perform HH on a moment that it is expecteda: | ||||||
a) Too much time | 12 (8.2) | 2 (2.8) | 0.151 | 3 (6.5) | 0 | 1.000 |
b) Not enough facilities | 27 (19.0) | 15 (21.1) | 0.718 | 6 (13.6) | 2 (13.3) | 1.000 |
c) Skin dry or irritated | 26 (18.6) | 16 (22.5) | 0.584 | 10 (21.7) | 2 (14.3) | 0.713 |
d) Hand-alcohol is not effective for hand hygiene | 26 (18.2) | 12 (16.9) | 1.000 | 6 (13.3) | 1 (6.7) | 0.668 |
e) Strong smell of hand-alcohol | 14 (10.1) | 16 (22.9) | 0.021 | 7 (15.2) | 1 (7.1) | 0.667 |
f) The hand-alcohol substance is not convenient (sticky) | 25 (17.9) | 13 (19.4) | 0.848 | 7 (15.9) | 5 (33.3) | 0.263 |
g) The hand becomes sweaty | 27 (19.6) | 9 (13.4) | 0.331 | 7 (15.9) | 0 | 0.178 |
h) Feeling dirty hand after using hand-alcohol | 11 (8.1) | 4 (6.0) | 0.777 | 6 (14.0) | 1 (7.1) | 0.669 |
Hand hygiene procedure as WHO guidelinea: | ||||||
a) Information about five moments for HH is known well | 129 (86.6) | 67 (91.8) | 0.369 | 45 (95.7) | 15 (100.0) | 1.000 |
b) Information about six steps of HH is known well | 146 (98.0) | 68 (93.2) | 0.134 | 46 (97.9) | 15 (100.0) | 1.000 |
c) Know when to apply HH | 143 (96.0) | 69 (94.5) | 0.838 | 46 (97.0) | 15 (100.0) | 1.000 |
d) Know how to apply HH | 147 (98.7) | 72 (98.6) | 0.221 | 47 (100.0) | 15 (100.0) | - |
e) Enough reminders in the ward | 121 (81.2) | 59 (80.8) | 0.998 | 43 (91.5) | 13 (86.7) | 0.626 |
Perception | % | |||||
(95% CI) | ||||||
Departments with intervention | P | Department without intervention | P | |||
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||
Average percentage of hospitalized patients who will develop a HAIs | 49.7 (44.9–54.5) | 58.6 (52.8–64.4) | 0.026 | 57.7 (51.6–63.8) | 64.0 (51.3–76.7) | 0.320 |
Average percentage of situations HCW perform HH when required | 69.3 (65.2–73.3) | 68.1 (63.4–72.8) | 0.736 | 75.3 (70.0–80.6) | 76.3 (62.8–89.9) | 0.860 |
Percentage of situations requiring HH do the HCW actually perform HH, either by handrubbing or handwashing (self-reporting) | 85.5 (82.6–88.4) | 75.1 (70.5–79.7) | <0.001 | 81.8 (76.8–86.7) | 85.3 (78.8–91.8) | 0.425 |