Table 6 Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with non-prescribed antimicrobial use among customers in drug retailer outlets in Central Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016
Characteristics | Use of Antimicrobial drug(s) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prescribed, n (%) | Non-prescribed, n (%) | |||
Sex | ||||
 Male | 224 (54.2) | 249 (67.8) | 1.78 (1.33, 2.39)b | 1.72 (1.21, 2.44)b |
 Female | 189 (45.8) | 118 (32.2) | 1 |  |
Age group (years) | ||||
 18–27 | 131 (31.7) | 149 (40.6) | 1 |  |
 28–37 | 139 (33.7) | 101 (27.5) | 0.64 (0.45, 0.90)b |  |
 38–47 | 73 (17.7) | 53 (14.4) | 0.64 (0.42, 0.98)b |  |
 48–57 | 37 (9) | 29 (7.9) | 0.69 (0.40, 1.18)a |  |
 ≥ 58 | 33 (8) | 35 (9.5) | 0.93 (0.55, 1.59) |  |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 329 (79.7) | 266 (72.5) | 1 |  |
 Rural | 84 (20.3) | 101 (27.5) | 1.49 (1.07, 2.07)b |  |
Marital status | ||||
 Married | 288 (69.7) | 228 (62.1) | 1 |  |
 Unmarried | 104 (25.2) | 119 (32.4) | 1.45 (1.05, 1.98)b |  |
 Divorced/Widowed | 21 (5.1) | 20 (5.4) | 1.20 (0.64, 2.27) |  |
Monthly income (US Dollar) | ||||
 < 6.51 | 54 (13.1) | 76 (20.7) | 1.67 (1.13, 2.48)b |  |
 6.52–19.48 | 51 (12.3) | 41 (11.2) | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) |  |
 19.49–32.50 | 49 (11.9) | 32 (8.7) | 0.78 (0.48, 1.26) |  |
 ≥ 32.51 | 259 (62.7) | 218 (59.4) | 1 |  |
Group of Illness | ||||
 Systemic Infection | 320 (77.5) | 272 (74.1) | 1 |  |
 Topical Infection | 50 (12.1) | 40 (10.9) | 0.94 (0.60, 1.47) |  |
 Eye/Ear Infection | 43 (10.4) | 55 (15) | 1.51 (0.98, 2.31)a |  |
Receiving modern health care services | ||||
 Public health facilities | 184 (49.3) | 176 (53.8) | 1 | 1 |
 Private pharmacies/drug stores | 160 (42.9) | 135 (41.3) | 0.88 (0.65, 1.20) | - |
 Others (Private clinic, NGO) | 29 (7.8) | 16 (4.9) | 0.58 (0.30, 1.09)a | 0.47 (0.23, 0.98) |
Distance of health facility from home | ||||
 Within 5 km radius | 362 (87.7) | 305 (83.1) | 1 |  |
 Far from 5 km radius | 51 (12.3) | 62 (16.9) | 1.44 (0.97, 2.15)a |  |
Self perceived of waiting time in health care facilities | ||||
 Fast | 119 (28.8) | 67 (18.3) | 1 | 1 |
 Moderate | 202 (48.9) | 183 (49.9) | 2.26 (1.51, 3.39)b | 1.92 (1.20, 3.09)b |
 Delay | 92 (22.3) | 117 (31.9) | 1.61 (1.12, 2.31)b | 1.56 (1.03, 2.38) |
Ever received antimicrobials | ||||
 No | 129 (31.2) | 87 (23.7) | 1 | 1 |
 Yes | 284 (68.8) | 280 (76.3) | 1.46 (1.06, 2.01)b | 3.51 (2.45, 5.02)b |
Ever received non-prescription antimicrobials | ||||
 No | 291 (70.5) | 146 (39.8) | 1 |  |
 Yes | 122 (29.5) | 221 (60.2) | 3.61 (2.68, 4.86)b |  |
In the past 6Â months, how often non- prescription anti-microbial purchased | ||||
 None | 145 (35.1) | 82 (22.3) | 1 | 1 |
 1–3 | 121 (29.3) | 169 (46) | 2.47 (1.73, 3.53)b | 2.04 (1.36, 3.06)b |
  ≥ 4 | 147 (35.6) | 116 (31.6) | 1.39 (0.97, 2.01)a | 2.66 (1.24, 5.68) |