Table 2 Colonization percentages in residents from LTCFs of three Italian Provinces
% of LTCF residents colonized with specific resistance phenotype and genotype and significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Milan (n = 104) | Piacenza (n = 121) | Bolzano (n = 115) | Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) | |
All resistance groups (MRSA; VRE; ESβL-/AmpC-producing enterobacteria; carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) | 75.0 | 69.4 | 66.1 | |
All ESβL-positive enterobacteria | 60.5 | 66.1 | 53.0 | P vs. B (0.04) |
Escherichia coli, ESβL-positive | 48.0 | 55.3 | 45.2 | |
blaCTX-M-group-1 | 33.6 | 41.3 | 28.7 | P vs. B (0.04) |
blaCTX-M-group-9 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 9.5 | |
blaCTX-M-group, other than 1 or 9 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 0.0 | P vs. B (< 0.001) |
Proteus mirabilis, ESβL-positive | 14.4 | 9.1 | 7.0 | |
blaCTX-M-group-1 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 0.0 | M vs. B (0.04); P vs. B (0.03) |
blaCTX-M-group-9 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL-positive | 6.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | |
blaCTX-M-group-1 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 1.7 | |
blaCTX-M-group-9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
blaCTX-M-group, other than 1 or 9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | |
Morganella morganii, ESβL-positive | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.6 | |
Citrobacter koseri, ESβL-positive | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.8 | |
blaCTX-M-group other than 1 or 9 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 | |
Enterobacter cloacae complex, ESβL-positive | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
blaCTX-M-group-1 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
blaCTX-M-group other than 1 or 9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Serratia marcescens, ESβL-positive | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
blaCTX-M-group-1, blaCTX-M-15-like | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
Providencia stuartii | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
All high-level AmpC-positive enterobacteria | 5.7 | 3.3 | 25.2 | M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001) |
Enterobacter cloacae complex, high-level AmpC | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
Morganella morganii, high-level AmpC | 3.8 | 0.8 | 24.3 | M vs. B (< 0.001); P vs. B (< 0.001) |
blaDHA-type | 3.8 | 0.8 | 8.7 | P vs. B (0.004) |
Citrobacter freundii, high-level AmpC | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
Proteus mirabilis, high-level AmpC | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
blaCMY-type | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
Serratia marcescens, high-level AmpC | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
Providencia rustigianii, high-level AmpC | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
All carbapenemase-positive enterobacteria | 7.6 | 0.0 | 1.6 | M vs. P (0.002); M vs. B (0.03) |
Klebsiella pneumoniae, blaKPC-type | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | M vs. P (0.004); M vs. B (0.05) |
Escherichia coli, blaVIM-1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
Enterobacter cloacae complex, blaVIM-1 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Citrobacter amalonaticus, blaVIM-1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | |
Carbapenemase-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | |
blaVIM-type | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
blaGES-5 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.0 | |
Carbapenemase-positive Acinetobacter baumannii | 1.9 | 5.8 | 0.0 | P vs. B (0.009) |
blaOXA-23-like | 1.9 | 5.8 | 0.0 | P vs. B (0.009) |
MRSA | 24.0 | 5.7 | 14.8 | M vs. P (< 0.001); P vs. B (0.02) |
VRE | 20.2a | 0.8a | 0.8b | M vs. P (< 0.001); M vs. B (< 0.001) |