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Table 3 Resident’s risk factors for ESβL and MRSA colonization (cumulative data: Milan, Piacenza, Bolzano)

From: Colonization of long-term care facility residents in three Italian Provinces by multidrug-resistant bacteria

   

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

  

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

ESBL, % (n = 203)

No ESBL, % (n = 137)

OR (CI 95%)

p

OR (CI 95%)

p

MRSA, % (n = 45)

No MRSA, % (n = 295)

OR (CI 95%)

p

OR (CI 95%)

p

Male sex

34.9

31.3

1.17 (0.74–1.86)

0.49

  

51.1

30.8

2.34 (1.24–4.42)

0.008

2.31 (1.16–4.59)

0.01

Age ≥ 86 years

52.7

49.2

1.15 (0.74–1.78)

0.53

  

39.0

53.0

0.56 (0.29–1.10)

0.09

  

Antibiotics in preceding 3 months

39.9

23.3

2.17 (1.34–3.54)

0.001

1.74 (1.02–2.98)

0.04

37.7

32.5

1.25 (0.65–2.41)

0.48

  

 Fluoroquinolones

7.8

5.8

1.38 (0.57–3.32)

0.47

  

15.5

5.7

3.01 (1.17–7.73)

0.02

3.59 (1.26–10.25)

0.01

 Penicillins

7.3

2.9

2.65 (0.86–8.17)

0.09

  

11.1

4.7

2.50 (0.85–7.34)

0.09

  

 Cephalosporins

14.2

6.5

2.37 (1.08–5.18)

0.03

  

4.4

12.2

0.33 (0.07–1.44)

0.14

  

Dementia

63.0

66.4

0.86 (0.54–1.36)

0.52

  

62.2

64.7

0.89 (0.47–1.71)

0.74

  

Peripheral vascular disease

62.5

59.1

1.15 (0.74–1.80)

0.52

  

62.2

61.0

1.05 (0.55–2.00)

0.87

  

Urinary incontinence

83.2

78.8

1.33 (0.77–2.31)

0.30

  

82.2

81.3

1.06 (0.46–2.40)

0.89

  

Diabetes

18.7

18.9

0.98 (0.56–1,71)

0.30

  

26.6

17.6

1.69 (0.82–3.51)

0.15

  

Cancer

11.8

4.3

2.92 (1.16–7.36)

0.02

3.47 (1.32–9.16)

0.01

4.4

9.5

0.44 (0.10–1.93)

0.27

  

Decubitus ulcer

9.8

5.1

2.03 (0.83–4.94)

0.12

  

6.6

8.1

0.80 (0.23–2.79)

0.73

  

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

11.8

14.6

0.78 (0.41–1.48)

0.45

  

15.5

12.5

1.28 (0.53–3.08)

0.57

  

Physical disability (Barthel immobility score of 0)

47.7

32.3

1.91 (1.21–3.02)

0.005

2.10 (1.15–3.83)

0.01

37.7

41.0

0.87 (0.45–1.66)

0.67

  

Coma

6.9

4.3

1.61 (0.60–4.31)

0.33

  

6.6

5.7

1.16 (0.32–4.15)

0.81

  

Any medical device

32.5

13.1

3.18 (1.79–5.66)

< 0.001

2.81 (1.44–5.47)

0.002

33.3

23.3

1.63 (0.83–3.21)

0.15

  

 Percutaneous enteral gastrostomy tube

15.7

6.5

2.66 (1.22–5.77)

0.01

  

11.1

12.2

0.89 (0.33–2.42)

0.83

  

 Tracheostomy tube

4.9

2.1

2.31 (0.62–8.56)

0.21

  

4.4

3.7

1.20 (0.25–5.60)

0.81

  

 Urinary catheter

15.7

4.3

4.08 (1.66–10.06)

0.002

  

20.0

9.8

2.29 (1.00–5.23)

0.04

2.61 (0.06–6.43)

0.03

 Nasogastric tube

5.9

0.7

8.54 (1.09–66.49)

0.04

  

4.4

3.7

1.20 (0.25–5.60)

0.81

  

Length of stay in LTCF < 6 months

15.6

11.9

1.36 (0.71–2.61)

0.34

  

16.6

13.7

1.25 (0.51–3.00)

0.61

  

Hospital admission in previous 12 months

24.2

27.0

0.87 (0.53–1.43)

0.58

  

37.7

23.4

1.97 (1.02–3.81)

0.04

  

Infection

5.4

2.9

1.90 (0.59–6.11)

0.27

  

8.8

3.7

2.51 (0.76–8.28)

0.12

  
  1. ND: not determined; factors included in multivariate analysis are in italics. For multivariate analysis only significant values are shown
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

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