The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial; assessment of the activity of tigecycline and other selected antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from France collected between 2004 and 2016

Decousser, Jean-Winoc; Woerther, Paul-Louis; Soussy, Claude-James; Fines-Guyon, Marguerite; Dowzicky, Michael J.

doi:10.1186/s13756-018-0360-y

Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

Table 3 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC₉₀, MIC range [mg/L]) and antimicrobial susceptibility (%S) and resistance (%R) of Gram-negative isolates

From: The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial; assessment of the activity of tigecycline and other selected antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens from France collected between 2004 and 2016

Organism/ Antimicrobial	2004–2016				2013–2016
Organism/ Antimicrobial	MIC₉₀ (mg/L)	MIC Range (mg/L)	% S	% R	MIC₉₀ (mg/L)	MIC Range (mg/L)	% S	% R
Enterobacter spp.	N = 3424				N = 924
Amikacin	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	96.9	1.1	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	98.4	0.8
Cefepime^a	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	69.5	15.8	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	67.1	19.8
Ceftriaxone	64	≤0.06 to ≥128	50.9	45.6	64	≤0.06 to 64	49.1	47.3
Levofloxacin^c	≤16	≤0.008 to ≥16	71.5	25.0	8	≤0.008 to ≥16	75.8	19.7
Meropenem (N = 3113)^b	0.25	≤0.06 to ≥32	99.2	0.3	0.25	≤0.06 to ≥32	99.4	0.2
Minocycline	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz^c	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	60.7	30.5	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	64.7	25.6
Tigecycline	2	0.06 to 16	86.3	5.2	2	0.06 to 16	89.5	3.5
E. coli	N = 3527				N = 965
Amikacin	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	98.1	0.5	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	98.4	0.2
Amox-clav	32	0.25 to ≥64	72.1	27.9	16	0.5 to ≥64	75.1	24.9
Ampicillin	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	37.9	62.1	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	38.5	61.5
Cefepime^a	8	≤0.5 to ≥64	82.5	12.4	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	80.7	13.8
Ceftriaxone^a	64	≤0.06 to ≥128	82.6	16.8	64	≤0.06 to 64	81.3	18.4
Levofloxacin	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	78.5	20.2	8	≤0.008 to ≥16	79.6	19.4
Meropenem (N = 3203)^b	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 8	99.9	0.0	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 8	99.9	0.0
Minocycline	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz	16	≤0.06 to ≥256	89.6	7.2	8	≤0.06 to ≥256	91.6	6.2
Tigecycline	0.5	≤0.008 to 16	99.4	0.1	0.25	0.03 to 16	99.5	0.1
E. coli, ESBL	N = 489				N = 156
Amikacin	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	92.6	2.2	8	1 to ≥128	95.5	0.6
Amox-clav^c	32	2 to ≥64	45.8	54.2	16	2 to ≥64	59.0	41.0
Ampicillin	≥64	32 to ≥64	0.0	100	≥64	64 to ≥64	0.0	100
Cefepime	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	3.9	78.3	≥64	1 to ≥64	3.2	79.5
Ceftriaxone	≥128	2 to ≥128	0.0	99.2	64	4 to 64	0.0	100
Levofloxacin	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	37.8	59.7	≥16	0.015 to ≥16	42.3	55.1
Meropenem (N = 472)^b	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 2	100	0.0	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 1	100	0.0
Minocycline	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz^c	32	0.25 to ≥256	78.3	12.7	16	0.25 to ≥256	88.5	3.8
Tigecycline	0.5	0.03 to 2	99.2	0.0	0.25	0.03 to 2	99.4	0.0
H. influenzae	N = 1786				N = 494
Amikacin	8	≤0.5 to 64	–	–	8	≤0.5 to 16	–	–
Amox-clav	1	≤0.12 to 16	99.2	0.8	1	≤0.12 to 4	99.0	1.0
Ampicillin	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	75.4	24.6	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	74.1	25.9
Cefepime	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 2	–	–	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 2	–	–
Ceftriaxone	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 4	98.6	1.4	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 2	99.4	0.4
Levofloxacin	0.015	≤0.008 to 8	98.4	1.6	0.015	≤0.008 to 8	98.6	1.4
Meropenem (N = 1629)^b	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	0.0	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	0.0
Minocycline	1	≤0.5 to 16	91.8	1.6	1	≤0.5 to 4	93.1	0.8
Pip-taz	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 0.5	–	–	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 0.5	–	–
Tigecycline	0.25	≤0.008 to 4	–	–	0.25	≤0.008 to 0.25	–	–
H. influenzae, BL Positive	N = 410				N = 122
Amikacin	8	≤0.5 to 32	–	–	8	≤0.5 to 16	–	–
Amox-clav	2	≤0.12 to 16	97.3	2.7	2	≤0.12 to 4	95.9	4.1
Ampicillin	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	0.5	99.5	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	0.8	99.2
Cefepime	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 2	–	–	≤0.5	≤0.5 to 2	–	–
Ceftriaxone	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 4	97.8	2.2	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 2	99.2	0.8
Levofloxacin	0.03	≤0.008 to 1	97.8	2.2	0.015	≤0.008 to 0.5	97.5	2.5
Meropenem (N = 378)^b	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	0.0	0.12	≤0.06 to 0.5	100	0.0
Minocycline	1	≤0.5 to 16	93.2	0.5	1	≤0.5 to 2	93.4	0.0
Pip-taz	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 0.5	–	–	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 0.5	–	–
Tigecycline	0.25	≤0.008 to 0.5	–	–	0.25	≤0.008 to 0.25	–	–
K. oxytoca	N = 975				N = 225
Amikacin	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	98.9	0.4	4	≤0.5 to 16	99.1	0.0
Amox-clav	32	0.25 to ≥64	79.8	20.2	16	0.25 to ≥64	82.2	17.8
Cefepime	2	≤0.5 to ≥64	88.4	3.9	2	≤0.5 to ≥64	88.4	4.9
Ceftriaxone	8	≤0.06 to ≥128	83.2	14.5	4	≤0.06 to 64	85.8	12.0
Levofloxacin	1	≤0.008 to ≥16	89.5	8.4	0.25	0.015 to ≥16	94.2	4.4
Meropenem (N = 872)^b	≤0.06	≤0.06 to ≥32	99.8	0.1	≤0.06	≤0.06 to 1	100	0.0
Minocycline	4	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	2	≤0.5 to 16	–	–
Pip-taz	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	84.0	15.1	64	0.25 to ≥256	87.6	11.6
Tigecycline	1	0.015 to 8	95.8	1.0	0.5	0.12 to 4	96.9	0.9
K. pneumoniae	N = 2398				N = 690
Amikacin	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	96.5	1.5	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	96.8	1.7
Amox-clav^a	32	0.5 to ≥64	68.6	31.4	32	1 to ≥64	61.4	38.6
Cefepime^a	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	72.1	23.4	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	59.9	35.5
Ceftriaxone^a	64	≤0.06 to ≥128	70.3	28.7	64	≤0.06 to 64	58.4	41.4
Levofloxacin^a	8	≤0.008 to ≥16	76.1	20.0	8	0.015 to ≥16	72.3	23.2
Meropenem^a (N = 2186)^b	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	99.4	0.4	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	98.8	1.0
Minocycline	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz	64	0.12 to ≥256	81.9	13.1	32	0.12 to≥256	84.1	10.3
Tigecycline^a	2	0.06 to 16	87.4	5.0	2	0.06 to 8	86.2	7.0
K. pneumoniae, ESBL	N = 622				N = 265
Amikacin	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	90.0	4.2	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	94.7	3.8
Amox-clav	32	1 to ≥64	19.0	81.0	32	1 to ≥64	20.8	79.2
Cefepime^a	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	5.0	85.0	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	3.8	86.8
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	1.3	98.4	64	≤0.06 to 64	1.1	98.9
Levofloxacin^c	≥16	0.03 to ≥16	30.2	61.1	≥16	0.03 to ≥16	38.9	50.9
Meropenem (N = 603)^b	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	99.0	0.3	0.12	≤0.06 to 16	99.2	0.4
Minocycline	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	≥32	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz^c	≥256	0.25 to ≥256	54.0	32.8	128	0.25 to ≥256	68.7	18.5
Tigecycline	2	0.12 to 8	79.4	7.2	2	0.12 to 8	80.0	7.9
S. marcescens	N = 1345				N = 360
Amikacin	4	≤0.5 to ≥128	97.3	1.1	4	≤0.5 to 64	98.3	0.6
Cefepime	≤0.5	≤0.5 to ≥64	94.5	2.2	≤0.5	≤0.5 to ≥32	94.7	1.9
Ceftriaxone	8	≤0.06 to ≥128	82.2	13.8	2	≤0.06 to 64	86.9	8.9
Levofloxacin^c	2	≤0.008 to ≥16	84.2	10.6	1	≤0.008 to ≥16	89.4	5.6
Meropenem (N = 1227)^b	0.12	≤0.06 to ≥32	99.1	0.1	0.12	≤0.06 to 2	100	0.0
Minocycline	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	4	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz	16	≤0.06 to ≥256	89.9	6.2	8	≤0.06 to 128	93.9	3.3
Tigecycline	2	0.015 to 8	80.7	2.6	2	0.03 to 4	80.3	1.1
A. baumannii	N = 1496				N = 270
Amikacin	≥128	≤0.5 to ≥128	74.9	19.9	≥128	1 to ≥128	73.7	20.4
Cefepime	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	–	–	≥64	≤0.5 to ≥64	–	–
Ceftazidime (N = 1488)	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	–	–	32	≤1 to 32	–	–
Ceftriaxone	≥128	≤0.06 to ≥128	–	–	64	2 to 64	–	–
Levofloxacin	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	54.5	43.2	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	56.7	42.6
Meropenem^a (N = 1326)^b	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	81.0	11.8	≥32	0.12 to ≥32	74.1	20
Minocycline	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	8	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	–	–	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	–	–
Tigecycline	1	≤0.008 to 8	–	–	1	0.03 to 2	–	–
A. baumannii MDR	N = 93				N = 35
Amikacin	≥128	32 to ≥128	0.0	100	≥128	32 to ≥128	0.0	100
Cefepime	≥64	8 to ≥64	–	–	≥64	8 to ≥64	–	–
Ceftazidime (N = 92)	≥64	≤1 to ≥64	–	–	32	2 to 32	–	–
Ceftriaxone	≥128	64 to ≥128	–	–	64	64 to 64	–	–
Levofloxacin	≥16	2 to ≥16	0.0	100	≥16	2 to ≥16	0.0	100
Meropenem (N = 92)^b	≥32	16 to ≥32	0.0	100	≥32	16 to ≥32	0.0	100
Minocycline	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–	16	≤0.5 to ≥32	–	–
Pip-taz	≥256	≤0.06 to ≥256	–	–	≥256	64 to ≥256	–	–
Tigecycline	4	0.12 to 4	–	–	2	0.25 to 2	–	–
P. aeruginosa	N = 2734				N = 738
Amikacin	16	≤0.5 to ≥128	88.5	6.9	8	≤0.5 to ≥128	91.1	5.1
Cefepime	32	≤0.5 to ≥64	77.8	22.2	16	≤0.5 to ≥64	79.8	20.2
Ceftazidime (N = 2730)	32	≤1 to ≥64	77.2	22.8	32	≤1 to 32	80.2	19.8
Levofloxacin^c	≥16	≤0.008 to ≥16	60.6	39.4	≥16	0.015 to ≥16	65.7	34.3
Meropenem (N = 2474)	8	≤0.06 to ≥32	74.6	8.7	16	≤0.06 to ≥32	75.2	10.0
Pip-taz^c	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	74.4	25.6	128	≤0.06 to ≥256	78.7	21.3
Tigecycline	16	≤0.008 to ≥32	–	–	16	0.12 to 16	–	–
P. aeruginosa MDR	N = 271				N = 68
Amikacin	≥128	1 to ≥128	31.4	58.3	≥128	2 to ≥128	38.2	50.0
Cefepime	≥64	2 to ≥64	14.0	86.0	≥64	4 to ≥64	8.8	91.2
Ceftazidime	≥64	2 to ≥64	21.4	78.6	32	4 to 32	23.5	76.5
Levofloxacin	≥16	0.5 to ≥16	1.5	98.5	≥16	2 to ≥16	0.0	100
Meropenem^a (N = 258)^b	≥32	≤0.06 to ≥32	17.8	66.7	≥32	0.25 to ≥32	11.8	82.4
Pip-taz^c	≥256	0.5 to ≥256	14.0	86.0	≥256	1 to ≥256	20.6	79.4
Tigecycline	≥32	1 to ≥32	–	–	16	2 to 16	–	–

– indicates no susceptibility breakpoints are available for this agent
^a indicates statistically significant decrease in susceptibility (p < 0.01) from 2004 to 2016
^b Meropenem was introduced to the testing panel in 2006, replacing imipenem; N values of activity against organisms collected from 2006 to 2016 are given
^c indicates statistically significant increase in susceptibility (p < 0.01) from 2004 to 2016
Amox-clav, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, BL, β-lactamase, ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, MDR, multidrug-resistant, MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC₉₀, minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit growth of 90% of isolates (mg/L), Pip-taz, piperacillin-tazobactam, R, resistant, S, susceptible

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