Table 3 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC₉₀, MIC range [mg/L]) and antimicrobial susceptibility (%S) and resistance (%R) of Gram-negative isolates

Enterobacter spp.

Amikacin

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

96.9

1.1

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

98.4

0.8

Cefepime^a

16

≤0.5 to ≥64

69.5

15.8

32

≤0.5 to ≥64

67.1

19.8

Ceftriaxone

64

≤0.06 to ≥128

50.9

45.6

64

≤0.06 to 64

49.1

47.3

Levofloxacin^c

≤16

≤0.008 to ≥16

71.5

25.0

8

≤0.008 to ≥16

75.8

19.7

Meropenem (N = 3113)^b

0.25

≤0.06 to ≥32

99.2

0.3

0.25

≤0.06 to ≥32

99.4

0.2

Minocycline

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

8

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz^c

128

≤0.06 to ≥256

60.7

30.5

128

≤0.06 to ≥256

64.7

25.6

Tigecycline

2

0.06 to 16

86.3

5.2

2

0.06 to 16

89.5

3.5

E. coli

Amikacin

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

98.1

0.5

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

98.4

0.2

Amox-clav

32

0.25 to ≥64

72.1

27.9

16

0.5 to ≥64

75.1

24.9

Ampicillin

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

37.9

62.1

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

38.5

61.5

Cefepime^a

8

≤0.5 to ≥64

82.5

12.4

16

≤0.5 to ≥64

80.7

13.8

Ceftriaxone^a

64

≤0.06 to ≥128

82.6

16.8

64

≤0.06 to 64

81.3

18.4

Levofloxacin

≥16

≤0.008 to ≥16

78.5

20.2

8

≤0.008 to ≥16

79.6

19.4

Meropenem (N = 3203)^b

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 8

99.9

0.0

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 8

99.9

0.0

Minocycline

8

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

8

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz

16

≤0.06 to ≥256

89.6

7.2

8

≤0.06 to ≥256

91.6

6.2

Tigecycline

0.5

≤0.008 to 16

99.4

0.1

0.25

0.03 to 16

99.5

0.1

E. coli, ESBL

Amikacin

8

≤0.5 to ≥128

92.6

2.2

8

1 to ≥128

95.5

0.6

Amox-clav^c

32

2 to ≥64

45.8

54.2

16

2 to ≥64

59.0

41.0

Ampicillin

≥64

32 to ≥64

0.0

100

≥64

64 to ≥64

0.0

100

Cefepime

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

3.9

78.3

≥64

1 to ≥64

3.2

79.5

Ceftriaxone

≥128

2 to ≥128

0.0

99.2

64

4 to 64

0.0

100

Levofloxacin

≥16

≤0.008 to ≥16

37.8

59.7

≥16

0.015 to ≥16

42.3

55.1

Meropenem (N = 472)^b

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 2

100

0.0

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 1

100

0.0

Minocycline

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz^c

32

0.25 to ≥256

78.3

12.7

16

0.25 to ≥256

88.5

3.8

Tigecycline

0.5

0.03 to 2

99.2

0.0

0.25

0.03 to 2

99.4

0.0

H. influenzae

Amikacin

8

≤0.5 to 64

–

–

8

≤0.5 to 16

–

–

Amox-clav

1

≤0.12 to 16

99.2

0.8

1

≤0.12 to 4

99.0

1.0

Ampicillin

32

≤0.5 to ≥64

75.4

24.6

32

≤0.5 to ≥64

74.1

25.9

Cefepime

≤0.5

≤0.5 to 2

–

–

≤0.5

≤0.5 to 2

–

–

Ceftriaxone

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 4

98.6

1.4

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 2

99.4

0.4

Levofloxacin

0.015

≤0.008 to 8

98.4

1.6

0.015

≤0.008 to 8

98.6

1.4

Meropenem (N = 1629)^b

0.12

≤0.06 to 0.5

100

0.0

0.12

≤0.06 to 0.5

100

0.0

Minocycline

1

≤0.5 to 16

91.8

1.6

1

≤0.5 to 4

93.1

0.8

Pip-taz

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 0.5

–

–

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 0.5

–

–

Tigecycline

0.25

≤0.008 to 4

–

–

0.25

≤0.008 to 0.25

–

–

H. influenzae, BL Positive

Amikacin

8

≤0.5 to 32

–

–

8

≤0.5 to 16

–

–

Amox-clav

2

≤0.12 to 16

97.3

2.7

2

≤0.12 to 4

95.9

4.1

Ampicillin

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

0.5

99.5

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

0.8

99.2

Cefepime

≤0.5

≤0.5 to 2

–

–

≤0.5

≤0.5 to 2

–

–

Ceftriaxone

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 4

97.8

2.2

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 2

99.2

0.8

Levofloxacin

0.03

≤0.008 to 1

97.8

2.2

0.015

≤0.008 to 0.5

97.5

2.5

Meropenem (N = 378)^b

0.12

≤0.06 to 0.5

100

0.0

0.12

≤0.06 to 0.5

100

0.0

Minocycline

1

≤0.5 to 16

93.2

0.5

1

≤0.5 to 2

93.4

0.0

Pip-taz

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 0.5

–

–

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 0.5

–

–

Tigecycline

0.25

≤0.008 to 0.5

–

–

0.25

≤0.008 to 0.25

–

–

K. oxytoca

Amikacin

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

98.9

0.4

4

≤0.5 to 16

99.1

0.0

Amox-clav

32

0.25 to ≥64

79.8

20.2

16

0.25 to ≥64

82.2

17.8

Cefepime

2

≤0.5 to ≥64

88.4

3.9

2

≤0.5 to ≥64

88.4

4.9

Ceftriaxone

8

≤0.06 to ≥128

83.2

14.5

4

≤0.06 to 64

85.8

12.0

Levofloxacin

1

≤0.008 to ≥16

89.5

8.4

0.25

0.015 to ≥16

94.2

4.4

Meropenem (N = 872)^b

≤0.06

≤0.06 to ≥32

99.8

0.1

≤0.06

≤0.06 to 1

100

0.0

Minocycline

4

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

2

≤0.5 to 16

–

–

Pip-taz

≥256

≤0.06 to ≥256

84.0

15.1

64

0.25 to ≥256

87.6

11.6

Tigecycline

1

0.015 to 8

95.8

1.0

0.5

0.12 to 4

96.9

0.9

K. pneumoniae

Amikacin

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

96.5

1.5

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

96.8

1.7

Amox-clav^a

32

0.5 to ≥64

68.6

31.4

32

1 to ≥64

61.4

38.6

Cefepime^a

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

72.1

23.4

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

59.9

35.5

Ceftriaxone^a

64

≤0.06 to ≥128

70.3

28.7

64

≤0.06 to 64

58.4

41.4

Levofloxacin^a

8

≤0.008 to ≥16

76.1

20.0

8

0.015 to ≥16

72.3

23.2

Meropenem^a (N = 2186)^b

0.12

≤0.06 to ≥32

99.4

0.4

0.12

≤0.06 to ≥32

98.8

1.0

Minocycline

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz

64

0.12 to ≥256

81.9

13.1

32

0.12 to≥256

84.1

10.3

Tigecycline^a

2

0.06 to 16

87.4

5.0

2

0.06 to 8

86.2

7.0

K. pneumoniae, ESBL

Amikacin

8

≤0.5 to ≥128

90.0

4.2

8

≤0.5 to ≥128

94.7

3.8

Amox-clav

32

1 to ≥64

19.0

81.0

32

1 to ≥64

20.8

79.2

Cefepime^a

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

5.0

85.0

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

3.8

86.8

Ceftriaxone

≥128

≤0.06 to ≥128

1.3

98.4

64

≤0.06 to 64

1.1

98.9

Levofloxacin^c

≥16

0.03 to ≥16

30.2

61.1

≥16

0.03 to ≥16

38.9

50.9

Meropenem (N = 603)^b

0.12

≤0.06 to ≥32

99.0

0.3

0.12

≤0.06 to 16

99.2

0.4

Minocycline

≥32

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

≥32

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz^c

≥256

0.25 to ≥256

54.0

32.8

128

0.25 to ≥256

68.7

18.5

Tigecycline

2

0.12 to 8

79.4

7.2

2

0.12 to 8

80.0

7.9

S. marcescens

Amikacin

4

≤0.5 to ≥128

97.3

1.1

4

≤0.5 to 64

98.3

0.6

Cefepime

≤0.5

≤0.5 to ≥64

94.5

2.2

≤0.5

≤0.5 to ≥32

94.7

1.9

Ceftriaxone

8

≤0.06 to ≥128

82.2

13.8

2

≤0.06 to 64

86.9

8.9

Levofloxacin^c

2

≤0.008 to ≥16

84.2

10.6

1

≤0.008 to ≥16

89.4

5.6

Meropenem (N = 1227)^b

0.12

≤0.06 to ≥32

99.1

0.1

0.12

≤0.06 to 2

100

0.0

Minocycline

8

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

4

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz

16

≤0.06 to ≥256

89.9

6.2

8

≤0.06 to 128

93.9

3.3

Tigecycline

2

0.015 to 8

80.7

2.6

2

0.03 to 4

80.3

1.1

A. baumannii

Amikacin

≥128

≤0.5 to ≥128

74.9

19.9

≥128

1 to ≥128

73.7

20.4

Cefepime

32

≤0.5 to ≥64

–

–

≥64

≤0.5 to ≥64

–

–

Ceftazidime (N = 1488)

≥64

≤1 to ≥64

–

–

32

≤1 to 32

–

–

Ceftriaxone

≥128

≤0.06 to ≥128

–

–

64

2 to 64

–

–

Levofloxacin

≥16

≤0.008 to ≥16

54.5

43.2

≥16

≤0.008 to ≥16

56.7

42.6

Meropenem^a (N = 1326)^b

≥32

≤0.06 to ≥32

81.0

11.8

≥32

0.12 to ≥32

74.1

20

Minocycline

8

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

8

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz

≥256

≤0.06 to ≥256

–

–

≥256

≤0.06 to ≥256

–

–

Tigecycline

1

≤0.008 to 8

–

–

1

0.03 to 2

–

–

A. baumannii MDR

Amikacin

≥128

32 to ≥128

0.0

100

≥128

32 to ≥128

0.0

100

Cefepime

≥64

8 to ≥64

–

–

≥64

8 to ≥64

–

–

Ceftazidime (N = 92)

≥64

≤1 to ≥64

–

–

32

2 to 32

–

–

Ceftriaxone

≥128

64 to ≥128

–

–

64

64 to 64

–

–

Levofloxacin

≥16

2 to ≥16

0.0

100

≥16

2 to ≥16

0.0

100

Meropenem (N = 92)^b

≥32

16 to ≥32

0.0

100

≥32

16 to ≥32

0.0

100

Minocycline

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

16

≤0.5 to ≥32

–

–

Pip-taz

≥256

≤0.06 to ≥256

–

–

≥256

64 to ≥256

–

–

Tigecycline

4

0.12 to 4

–

–

2

0.25 to 2

–

–

P. aeruginosa

Amikacin

16

≤0.5 to ≥128

88.5

6.9

8

≤0.5 to ≥128

91.1

5.1

Cefepime

32

≤0.5 to ≥64

77.8

22.2

16

≤0.5 to ≥64

79.8

20.2

Ceftazidime (N = 2730)

32

≤1 to ≥64

77.2

22.8

32

≤1 to 32

80.2

19.8

Levofloxacin^c

≥16

≤0.008 to ≥16

60.6

39.4

≥16

0.015 to ≥16

65.7

34.3

Meropenem (N = 2474)

8

≤0.06 to ≥32

74.6

8.7

16

≤0.06 to ≥32

75.2

10.0

Pip-taz^c

128

≤0.06 to ≥256

74.4

25.6

128

≤0.06 to ≥256

78.7

21.3

Tigecycline

16

≤0.008 to ≥32

–

–

16

0.12 to 16

–

–

P. aeruginosa MDR

Amikacin

≥128

1 to ≥128

31.4

58.3

≥128

2 to ≥128

38.2

50.0

Cefepime

≥64

2 to ≥64

14.0

86.0

≥64

4 to ≥64

8.8

91.2

Ceftazidime

≥64

2 to ≥64

21.4

78.6

32

4 to 32

23.5

76.5

Levofloxacin

≥16

0.5 to ≥16

1.5

98.5

≥16

2 to ≥16

0.0

100

Meropenem^a (N = 258)^b

≥32

≤0.06 to ≥32

17.8

66.7

≥32

0.25 to ≥32

11.8

82.4

Pip-taz^c

≥256

0.5 to ≥256

14.0

86.0

≥256

1 to ≥256

20.6

79.4

Tigecycline

≥32

1 to ≥32

–

–

16

2 to 16

–

–