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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studies in MDR or XDRP.aeruginosa

From: Risk factors for hospitalized patients with resistant or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author, Year

Design

Country

Case/Exposure

Control/Comparator

Total N

Age cases (Yr)

Age control (Yr)

Male cases (%)

Male control (%)

Aloush, 2006 [12]

CC, matched

Israel

MDR P. aeruginosa

Patients with MDR P. aeruginosa

164

65

63

60

50

Bodro, 2015 [13]

P, cohort

Spain

XDR P. aeruginosa

Other pathogens

318

Median: 59

Median: 62

77.4

69.7

Cao, 2004 [14]

CC, unmatched

China

MDR P. aeruginosa

P.aeruginosa

112

60

50

59

58.8

Cilloniz, 2016 [15]

P, cohort

Spain

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-MDR P. aeruginosa (not fully described)

68

72.7

71.1

90.9

78.3

Cobos-Trigueros, 2015 [16]

P, cohort

Spain

MDR P. aeruginosa

Susceptible or resistant P.aeruginosa and non-P.aeruginosa

850

NR

NR

NR

NR

D’Agata (b), 2006 [17]

CC, matched

USA, Italy

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-P.aeruginosa

302

58

62

62

50

Dalfino, 2011 [18]

P, cohort

NR

MDR P. aeruginosa

NR

251

63

63

65

61.3

Dantas, 2014 [19]

R, cohort

Brazil

MDR P. aeruginosa

Resistant or susceptible P. aeruginosa

120

51.5 (total)

51.5 (total)

63.3 (total)

63.3 (total)

Defez (a), 2004 [20]

CC, matched

France

MDR P. aeruginosa, nosocomial

Hospitalized, non-nosocomial MDRP. aeruginosa

320

73.2

67

56.25

52.5

Defez (b), 2004 [20]

CC, unmatched

France

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non MDR- P. aeruginosa (not described)

395 (155)

73.2

NR

56.25

56

Gomez-Zorilla, 2014 [21]

P, cohort

Spain

MDR P. aeruginosa (MDR non-XDR and XDR)

Non-MDR P. aeruginosa (not fully described)

112

65.3 (total)

65.3 (total)

69 (total)

69 (total)

Johnson, 2009 [22]

R, cohort

USA

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-MDR P.aeruginosa (not described)

503

median: 59 (total)

median: 59 (total)

57 (total)

57 (total)

Joo, 2011 [23]

P, cohort

South Korea

MDR P. aeruginosa

Resistant or susceptible P. aeruginosa

202

55 (total)

55 (total)

62.9 (total)

62.9 (total)

Liew, 2013 [24]

CC, matched

Singapore

XDR P. aeruginosa

Non-P. aeruginosa or other gram-negative

79

Median: 47 (total)

NR

62 (total)

NR

Lodise, 2007 [25]

CC, unmatched

USA

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-MDR P.aeruginosa(not fully described)a

351

60.5 (total)

60.5 (total)

61.2 (total)

61.2 (total)

Micek, 2015 [26]

R, cohort

USA, France, Germany, Italy, Spain

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-MDR P. aeruginosa (not fully described)

740

53.5

62.1

62.8

70.2

Montero (a), 2010 [27]

CC, unmatched

NR

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-P. aeruginosa

1035

67.8

67.5

72.5

54.3

Montero (b), 2010 [27]

CC, unmatched

NR

MDR P. aeruginosa

Susceptible P.aeruginosa

877

67.8

69.1

72.5

59.4

Nakamura, 2013 [28]

P, cohort

Japan

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non MDR P.aeruginosa (not fully described)c

435

NR

NR

NR

NR

Nseir, 2011 [29]

P, cohort

France

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non MDR P. aeruginosa (not fully described)

511

60

55

65

69

Ohmagari, 2005 [30]

CC, unmatched

USA

Patients with cancer with MDR P. aeruginosa infection

Patients with cancer with susceptible P. aeruginosa infection

54

51.8

60.3

50

58.3

Paramythiotou, 2004 [31]

CC, matched

France

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-P. aeruginosa

68

59

61.5

65

65

Park, 2011 [32]

CC, matched

South Korea

XDR P. aeruginosa

Non-XDR P.aeruginosa (not fully described)b

99

65

56

79

46

Pena, 2009 [39]

P, cohort

Spain

MDR P. aeruginosa

CRPA

246

67

65

67

67

Pena (a), 2012 [33]

R, cohort

Spain

XDR P. aeruginosa

Susceptible P. aeruginosa

138

64.7

65.06

86

70.5

Pena (b), 2012 [33]

R, cohort

Spain

Non-XDR MDR P. aeruginosa

Susceptible P. aeruginosa

108

64.85

65.06

54

70.5

Samonis, 2014 [34]

R, cohort

Greece

XDR P. aeruginosa

Non-XDR P. aeruginosa (MDR and PDR and sensitive)

89

73

69

81.8

57.3

Tumbarello, 2011 [35]

CC, unmatched

Italy

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-P. aeruginosa

252

62

63

57.5

57.5

Tuncer, 2012 [36]

CC, unmatched

Turkey

MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa

Non-MDR P.aeruginosa (not fully described)

120

58.6

58.2

54.1

49.4

Ustun, 2016 [37]

CC, unmatched

Turkey

MDR P. aeruginosa

Non-P. aeruginosa

225

29.8

37.9

58.7

65.3

Willmann, 2014 [38]

CC, matched

Germany

XDR P. aeruginosa

Non-XDR P. aeruginosa (not fully described) or non- P. aeruginosa

31

56

60

65

78.5

  1. CC Case-control, CRPA carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, MDR multi-drug resistant, P Parallel, PDR Pan-Drug-Resistant, R Retrospective, XDR extremely drug-resistant, YR Year
  2. aLodise 2007: Non-MDR P.aeruginosa = ≥90% for only amikacin, cefepime, and piperacillin-tazobactam
  3. bPark,Y.S 2011:used random selection of controls
  4. cNakamura 2013:Non-MDR defines patients with P. aeruginosa other than the MDR phenotype on the same ward as those with the MDR phenotype within the same month