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Table 1 Patient characteristics and univariable and multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equation for evaluation of risk factors for ESC-R in patients with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Swiss NHs between 2007 and 2016

From: Antibiotic resistance in Swiss nursing homes: analysis of National Surveillance Data over an 11-year period between 2007 and 2017

 

ESC-S

ESC-R

Univariable

Multivariable

 

n = 9′093

n = 1′339

Row %a

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Sex

    

0.03

 

0.003

 Female

7′436

1′063

12.5

ref.

ref.

 Male

1′657

276

14.3

1.4 (1.0–1.9)

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

Age in years

  < 70

713

110

13.4

ref.

 

–

 

 70–85

5′479

799

12.7

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.60

  

  > 85

2′901

430

12.9

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.74

  

Region

 French/Italian speaking

6′407

1′037

13.9

ref.

 

ref.

 

 German speaking

2′686

302

10.1

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

<.0001

0.5 (0.4–0.7)

<.0001

Site

 Urogenital

8′788

1′286

12.8

ref.

 

–

 

 Other

305

53

14.8

1.4 (0.7–2.5)

0.34

  

Species

 E. coli

7′396

1′211

14.1

ref.

 

ref.

 

 K. pneumoniae

1′697

128

7.0

0.2 (0.1–0.3)

<.0001

0.2 (0.1–0.3)

<.0001

  1. Abbreviations: ESC-R Extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistant, ESC-S Extended-spectrum beta-lactam susceptible, NH Nursing Home, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ref Reference
  2. Significant P values are in bold and non-significant ones (P ≥ 0.05) are not in bold
  3. aESC-R/(ESC-S + ESC-R)