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Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients by the Detection of Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria (MDRGNB) in Either Surveillance of Clinical Culture during Index Hospitalization

From: Risk for subsequent infection and mortality after hospitalization among patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria colonization or infection

Characteristics

MDRGNB culture positive group (n = 125)

MDRGNB culture negative group (n = 692)

p-value

Age, mean ± SD (year)

71.5 ± 14.8

64.1 ± 17.7

< 0.001

Male sex

76

(60.8)

399

(57.7)

0.51

LTCF or nursing-home residence

20

(16.0)

18

(2.6)

< 0.001

Long-term hemodialysis

7

(5.6)

17

(2.5)

0.06

Previous MDRGNB isolationa

44

(35.2)

27

(3.9)

< 0.001

Co-morbid medical conditions

 Diabetes mellitus

31

(24.8)

188

(27.2)

0.58

 Malignancy

28

(22.4)

173

(25.0)

0.53

 End-stage renal disease

7

(5.6)

24

(3.5)

0.25

 Liver cirrhosis

7

(5.6)

72

(10.4)

0.09

 Congestive heart failure

19

(15.2)

59

(8.5)

0.019

 COPD

22

(17.6)

60

(8.7)

0.002

 Cerebrovascular accident

37

(29.6)

88

(12.7)

< 0.001

 Bed-ridden status

61

(48.8)

108

(15.6)

< 0.001

 Presence of pressure sore

17

(13.6)

28

(4.1)

< 0.001

 Central vascular catheterb

13

(10.4)

44

(6.4)

0.10

 Long-term urinary catheter

18

(14.4)

37

(5.4)

< 0.001

Charlson comorbidity index, mean ± SD

3.8 ± 2.6

2.8 ± 2.7

< 0.001

High CCI (≥5)

47

(37.6)

174

(25.1)

0.004.

Index hospitalization treatment

 Antibiotics exposurec

115

(92.0)

471

(68.1)

< 0.001

  3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin

52

(41.6)

156

(22.5)

< 0.001

  Ampicillin-sulbactam

42

(33.6)

180

(26.0)

0.08

  Piperacillin-tazobactam

41

(32.8)

77

(11.3)

< 0.001

  Carbapenem

21

(16.8)

18

(2.6)

< 0.001

  Fluoroquinolone

22

(17.6)

51

(7.4)

< 0.001

  Aminoglycoside

4

(3.2)

6

(0.9)

0.05

 ICU admission

14

(11.2)

21

(3.0)

< 0.001

 Receiving of tracheal intubation

14

(11.2)

15

(2.2)

< 0.001

 Length of hospital stay, median ± IRQ

19.0 ± 22.0

9.0 ± 12.0

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, MDRGNB multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CCI Charlson comorbidity index, ICU intensive care unit, IRQ interquartile range
  2. aWithin 1 year prior to the index hospitalization
  3. bIncluding Port-A catheter, Hickman catheter, permcath catheter, double-lumen catheter, and peripherally inserted central catheter
  4. cIncluding oral and intravenous antibiotic exposure for > 48 h during index hospitalization