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Table 3 Characteristics and risk factors of admitted surgical intensive care patients with and without hospital-acquired VRE

From: Hospital acquired vancomycin resistant enterococci in surgical intensive care patients – a prospective longitudinal study

Characteristic All admitted patients (n = 374) Patients with acquired VRE (n = 8) Patients without acquired/ pre-existing VRE (n = 345) p-value
Demographic data
 Median age (years) 66 (range: 14–91) 71.5 (range: 50–78) 65 (range: 14–91) 0.43
 Male gender 254 (67.9%) 4 (50.0%) 241 (69.9%) 0.23
Median duration of stay (days) 3 (range: 1–45) 14 (range: 7–30) 3 (range: 1–45) 0.01
Underlying disease/treatment
 Haemato-oncological disease 62 (16.6%) 1 (12.5%) 58 (16.8%) 0.74
 Immunosuppressive disease 71 (19.0%) 1 (12.5%) 66 (19.1%) 0.63
 Hepatic insufficiency 17 (4.5%) 0 (0%) 15 (4.3%) 0.55
 Liver transplantation 8 (2.1%) 0 (0%) 8 (2.3%) 0.66
 Renal insufficiency 51 (13.6%) 2 (25.0%) 41 (11.9%) 0.26
 Long-term dialysis 10 (2.7%) 1 (12.5%) 7 (2.0%) 0.05
 Systemic glucocorticoid treatment 36 (9.6%) 1 (12.5%) 32 (9.2%) 0.76
 Antibiotic treatment 218 (58.3%) 7 (87.5%) 207 (60.0%) 0.11
  Ampicillin 7 (3.2%) 0 (0%) 4 (1.9%) 0.76
  Amoxicillin 14 (6.4%) 0 (0%) 13 (6.3%) 0.58
  Flucloxacillin 20 (9.2%) 2 (28.6%) 15 (7.2%) 0.01
  Piperacillin/tazobactam 62 (28.4%) 4 (57.1%) 55 (26.6%) 0.01
  Cefuroxime 130 (59.6%) 1 (14.2%) 127 (61.4%) 0.16
  Ceftriaxone 7 (3.2%) 0 (0%) 3 (1.4%) 0.79
  Meropenem 41 (18.8%) 2 (28.6%) 36 (17.4%) 0.19
  Clindamycin 7 (3.2%) 0 (0%) 7 (3.4%) 0.68
  Daptomycin 8 (3.7%) 0 (0%) 5 (2.4%) 0.73
  Linezolid 3 (1.4%) 0 (0%) 3 (1.4%) 0.79
  Rifampicin 13 (6.0%) 0 (0%) 10 (4.8%) 0.63
  Erythromycin 7 (3.2%) 0 (0%) 6 (2.9%) 0.71
  Vancomycin 19 (8.7%) 0 (0%) 16 (7.7%) 0.53
  Fosfomycin 7 (3.2%) 0 (0%) 6 (2.9%) 0.71
  Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 6 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 6 (2.9%) 0.71
  Metronidazole 8 (3.7%) 0 (0%) 7 (3.4%) 0.68
Previous contact to healthcare system
 Admission from a foreign hospital 1 (0.3%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.3%) 0.88
 Admission from a domestic hospital 188 (50.2%) 5 (62.5%) 173 (50.0%) 0.49
 Admission from an intensive care unit 90 (24.1%) 4 (50.0%) 76 (22.0%) 0.06
  1. Statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05 (see italicized entries)
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