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Table 3 Characteristics and risk factors of admitted surgical intensive care patients with and without hospital-acquired VRE

From: Hospital acquired vancomycin resistant enterococci in surgical intensive care patients – a prospective longitudinal study

Characteristic

All admitted patients (n = 374)

Patients with acquired VRE (n = 8)

Patients without acquired/ pre-existing VRE (n = 345)

p-value

Demographic data

 Median age (years)

66 (range: 14–91)

71.5 (range: 50–78)

65 (range: 14–91)

0.43

 Male gender

254 (67.9%)

4 (50.0%)

241 (69.9%)

0.23

Median duration of stay (days)

3 (range: 1–45)

14 (range: 7–30)

3 (range: 1–45)

0.01

Underlying disease/treatment

 Haemato-oncological disease

62 (16.6%)

1 (12.5%)

58 (16.8%)

0.74

 Immunosuppressive disease

71 (19.0%)

1 (12.5%)

66 (19.1%)

0.63

 Hepatic insufficiency

17 (4.5%)

0 (0%)

15 (4.3%)

0.55

 Liver transplantation

8 (2.1%)

0 (0%)

8 (2.3%)

0.66

 Renal insufficiency

51 (13.6%)

2 (25.0%)

41 (11.9%)

0.26

 Long-term dialysis

10 (2.7%)

1 (12.5%)

7 (2.0%)

0.05

 Systemic glucocorticoid treatment

36 (9.6%)

1 (12.5%)

32 (9.2%)

0.76

 Antibiotic treatment

218 (58.3%)

7 (87.5%)

207 (60.0%)

0.11

  Ampicillin

7 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

4 (1.9%)

0.76

  Amoxicillin

14 (6.4%)

0 (0%)

13 (6.3%)

0.58

  Flucloxacillin

20 (9.2%)

2 (28.6%)

15 (7.2%)

0.01

  Piperacillin/tazobactam

62 (28.4%)

4 (57.1%)

55 (26.6%)

0.01

  Cefuroxime

130 (59.6%)

1 (14.2%)

127 (61.4%)

0.16

  Ceftriaxone

7 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

3 (1.4%)

0.79

  Meropenem

41 (18.8%)

2 (28.6%)

36 (17.4%)

0.19

  Clindamycin

7 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

7 (3.4%)

0.68

  Daptomycin

8 (3.7%)

0 (0%)

5 (2.4%)

0.73

  Linezolid

3 (1.4%)

0 (0%)

3 (1.4%)

0.79

  Rifampicin

13 (6.0%)

0 (0%)

10 (4.8%)

0.63

  Erythromycin

7 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

6 (2.9%)

0.71

  Vancomycin

19 (8.7%)

0 (0%)

16 (7.7%)

0.53

  Fosfomycin

7 (3.2%)

0 (0%)

6 (2.9%)

0.71

  Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

6 (2.8%)

0 (0%)

6 (2.9%)

0.71

  Metronidazole

8 (3.7%)

0 (0%)

7 (3.4%)

0.68

Previous contact to healthcare system

 Admission from a foreign hospital

1 (0.3%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.3%)

0.88

 Admission from a domestic hospital

188 (50.2%)

5 (62.5%)

173 (50.0%)

0.49

 Admission from an intensive care unit

90 (24.1%)

4 (50.0%)

76 (22.0%)

0.06

  1. Statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05 (see italicized entries)