The effect of antibiotic stewardship interventions with stakeholder involvement in hospital settings: a multicentre, cluster randomized controlled intervention study

Table 3 Percentage of adherence to antibiotic guidelines in periods before and after interventions were implemented

Group	Group description	N Before/after	Period		Absolute Change %	P for change^a	P for Interaction^b
Group	Group description	N Before/after	Before n (%)	After n (%)	Absolute Change %	P for change^a	P for Interaction^b
Intervention
Control	All specialties	350/169	174 (50)	84 (50)	0	0.998
Interventions	All specialties	929/354	556 (60)	234 (66)	6	0.04	0.252
Academic detailing	All specialties	451/172	265 (59)	111 (65)	6	0.188	0.353
Audit with feedback	Infectious diseases + Pulmonary medicine	478/182	291 (61)	123 (68)	7	0.111	0.265
Specialty
Pulmonary medicine	Both interventions	427/162	249 (58)	116 (72)	14	0.003	0.034
Infectious diseases	Both interventions	424/153	268 (63)	99 (65)	2	0.741	0.857
Gastroenterology	Academic detailing	78/39	39 (50)	19 (49)	-1	0.896	0.556

^aBy chi-square test per group
^bBy logistic regression of given group vs control wards (all specialties), giving the p-value for the interaction between group and period
P-values < 0.05 are given in boldface