Extended spectrum beta-lactamase mediated resistance in carriage and clinical gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria: a comparative study between a district and tertiary hospital in South Africa

Table 1 Fecal carriage of resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in a rural district and a tertiary urban hospital

Variables	District Rural Hospital n = 27						Tertiary Urban Hospital n = 18
Variables	Admission, (%)	p	After 48 h, (%)	p	At discharge, (%)	P	Admission, (%)	p	After 48 h, (%)	p	At discharge, (%)	P
Overall	29.63	….	47.05	…..	50	….	50	…	33.33	…	66.66	…
Socio-demographic factors
Gender
Female	21.4	0.333	33	0.229	50	….	40	0.590	50	0.571	50	0.386
Male	38.4	0.333	63	0.229	0	….	55	0.590	29	0.571	100	0.386
Clinical history
Previous hospitalization (within one year)
Yes	13	0.206	0	0.012	0	0.248	20	0.106	25	0.635	100	0.386
No	37	0.206	67	0.012	66.67	0.248	64	0.106	40	0.635	50	0.386
Antibiotic use (during hospital stay)
Yes	27.78	0.766	33.33	0.402	50	1.000	33	0.522	33	1.000	100	0.386
No	33.33	0.766	54.55	0.402	50	1.000	54	0.522	33	1.000	50	0.386
Transferred from another hospital
Yes	100	0.116	0	…	0	….	75	0.046	50	0.343	100	0.386
No	27	0.116	47	…	50	….	25	0.046	20	0.343	50	0.386
Hospital ward
Medicine	40	0.187	56	0.457	50	1.000	40	0.590	40	0.635	50	0.386
Surgery	17	0.187	38	0.457	50	1.000	55	0.590	25	0.635	100	0.386

Out of the 45 patients enrolled, some refused rectal sampling, some were discharged or transferred after 48 h, while other could not be sampled due to their condition, leading to variability in number

ISSN: 2047-2994