Fig. 1

Transmission of a carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii during a hospital outbreak in Montreal, Canada (axis not to scale). (a) Standard epidemiologic investigation, where predicted transmissions were determined using spatiotemporal patient information, date of strain isolation, antibiogram results, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis interpretation. (b) Whole genome sequencing investigation, where predicted transmissions were determined using single nucleotide variant analysis and the date of strain isolation. Colours indicate the case’s location at the time of the predicted exposure. Dashed arrows indicate transmissions that were not supported by the other investigation method. SNV, single nucleotide variant