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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the ICU patients, according to study period

From: Infection-prevention and control interventions to reduce colonisation and infection of intensive care unit-acquired carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a 4-year quasi-experimental before-and-after study

Variable

Baseline period

Period 1

Period 2

Period 3

P value

General characteristics

 Patients (no.)

74

187

222

146

 

 Age (yr), mean ± SD

63 ± 17

62 ± 18

61 ± 18

63 ± 19

0.869

 Male sex (%)

52(70.3%)

114(61%)

134(60.4%)

90(61.6%)

0.476

 APACHEII score, mean ± SD

15 ± 7

15 ± 7

16 ± 8

19 ± 9

0.001

Chronic disease

 Malignancy(%)

29(39.2%)

90(48.1%)

108(48.6%)

59(40.4%)

0.249

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(%)

3(4.1%)

6(3.2%)

13(5.9%)

8(5.5%)

0.591

 Diabetes(%)

12(16.2%)

24(12.8%)

35(15.8%)

20(13.7%)

0.811

 Hypertension(%)

14(18.9%)

55(29.4%)

60(27%)

54(37%)

0.035

 Coronary heart disease(%)

5(6.8%)

10(5.3%)

19(8.6%)

7(4.8%)

0.454

Organ failure

 Congestive heart failure(%)

4(5.4%)

8(4.3%)

26(11. 7%)

19(13%)

0.011

 Acute respiratory failure(%)

12(16.2%)

51(27.3%)

72(32.4%)

66(45.2%)

P < 0.001

 Acute renal injury(%)

16(21.6%)

41(21.9%)

50(22.5%)

46(31.5%)

0.147

 Acute gastrointestinal injury (%)

5(6.80%)

25(13.4%)

25(11.3%)

33(22.6%)

0.003

 Hepatic insufficiency(%)

6(8.1%)

20(10.7%)

26(11.7%)

26(17.8%)

0.123

Exposure to antimicrobial therapy before CRKP colonization/infection

 Carbapenem

44(59.5%)

99(52.9%)

115(51.8%)

94(64.4%)

0.078

 Cephalosporin antibiotics

56(75.7%)

135(72.7%)

177(79.7%)

94(64.4%)

0.012

 Sulbactam/ cefoperazone

12(16.2%)

29(15.5%)

43(19.4%)

27(18.5%)

0.749

Mechanical ventilation before CRKP colonization/infection

 Tracheal intubation

63(85.1%)

162(86.6%)

197(88.7)

110(75.3%)

0.004

 Tracheotomy

11(4.9%)

22(11.8%)

23(10.8%)

25(17.1%)

0.318

 Days of mechanical ventilation, days, mean ± SD

7 ± 14

7 ± 20

5 ± 14

10 ± 23

0.104

Surgery or invasive devices before CRKP colonization/infection

 Surgery

61(82.4%)

160(85.6%)

179(80.6%)

103(70.5%)

0.007

 Central line catheter

71(95.9%)

165(88.2%)

180(81.1%)

113(72.4%)

P < 0.001

 Thoracentesis

9(12.2%)

17(9.1%)

23(10.4%)

24(16.4%)

0.184

 Abdominal paracentesis

5(6.8%)

25(13.4%)

21(9.5%)

18(12.3%)

0.356

 Continuous renal replacement therapy

1(1.4%)

26(13.9%)

22(9.9%)

19(13%)

0.022

 Indwelling urinary catheter

70(94.6%)

182(97.3%)

218(98.2%)

135(92.5%)

0.027