Table 3 Literature synthesis of key outcomes: results and ranges
From: Value of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs [ASPs]: a systematic review
| Â | # Studies Reporting Reductions or No Change | Range | # Studies Reporting Increases | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient Outcomes | ||||
 LOS | 58 | −21.9 to 0 days | 10 | 0.1 to 5 days |
 All-cause mortality rate | 41 | −18.1 to 0% | 13 | 0.02 to 11% |
 Infection-related mortality ratea | 9 | −12.0 to 0% | 3 | 1 to 2.9% |
 All-cause readmission rate | 13 | −12 to 0% | 8 | 0.2 to 8.6% |
  o 28/30-day | 9 | −10.86 to 0% | 5 | 0.2 to 8.6% |
 Infection-related readmission rate | 8 | −2.94% to − 0.8% | 2 | 0.3 to 0.65% |
  o 28/30-day | 7 | −2.94% to −0.7% | 1 | 0.65% |
Cost Outcomes | ||||
 Implementation costs | 0 | N/A | 9 | $2.5 k to $39.9 k |
 Annual operational costsa | 11 | −72.4% to − 12.9% | 5 | 7.9 to 243% |
 Antibiotic costs | 80 | −80.1% to − 0.06% | 7 | 4.1 to 51.5% |
 LOS costsb | 2 | -$18.3 k to -$1.95 M | 0 | N/A |
 Overall hospital costsb | 32 | -$9.11 k to -$2.06 M | 0 | N/A |