|
Antibiotic
|
E. coli
|
Klebsiella spp
|
|---|
|
2011/2013 N (%S)
|
2015/2016 N (%S)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
P
|
2011/2013 N (%S)
|
2015/2016 N (%S)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Amikacin
|
29,667 (97%)
|
41,818 (90%)
|
0.29 (0.26–0.3)
|
0.0001
|
7768 (96%)
|
9498 (94%)
|
0.65 (0.57–0.75)
|
0.0001
|
|
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
|
30,411 (61%)
|
39,116 (59%)
|
1.13 (1.10–1.17)
|
0.0001
|
7883 (67%)
|
9069 (62%)
|
0.80 (0.75–0.86)
|
0.0001
|
|
Ampicillin
|
22,985 (23%)
|
35,906 (24%)
|
1.06 (1.02–1.10)
|
0.01
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Aztreonam
|
27,221 (66%)
|
40,029 (57%)
|
0.65 (0.63–0.67)
|
0.0001
|
7020 (69%)
|
7924 (65%)
|
0.83 (0.78–0.90)
|
0.0001
|
|
Cefepime
|
26,314 (74%)
|
40,524 (62%)
|
0.60 (0.58–0.62)
|
0.0001
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Cefoxitin
|
23,858 (87%)
|
33,104 (76%)
|
0.47 (0.45–0.50)
|
0.0001
|
5853 (89%)
|
6373 (83%)
|
0.60 (0.54–0.67)
|
0.0001
|
|
Ceftazidime
|
28,730 (71%)
|
41,816 (62%)
|
0.73 (0.71–0.76)
|
0.0001
|
7335 (71%)
|
9498 (64%)
|
0.73 (0.68–0.78)
|
0.0001
|
|
Ceftriaxone
|
20,059 (64%)
|
41,816 (58%)
|
0.85 (0.82–0.88)
|
0.0001
|
4750 (65%)
|
9498 (63%)
|
0.92 (0.85–0.99)
|
0.02
|
|
Cefuroxime
|
24,662 (59%)
|
33,106 (56%)
|
0.96 (0.93–0.99)
|
0.02
|
6516 (64%)
|
6579 (61%)
|
0.88 (0.82–0.94)
|
0.0004
|
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
29,411 (55%)
|
40,524 (57%)
|
1.22 (1.19–1.26)
|
0.0001
|
7883 (73%)
|
9311 (71%)
|
0.91 (0.85–0.97)
|
0.004
|
|
Gentamicin
|
29,327 (72%)
|
41,818 (72%)
|
1.00 (0.98–1.03)
|
1
|
7601 (75%)
|
9498 (78%)
|
1.18 (1.10–1.27)
|
0.0001
|
|
Imipenem
|
30,411 (99%)
|
41,813 (97%)
|
0.33 (0.29–0.37)
|
0.0001
|
7883 (98%)
|
9498 (96%)
|
0.49 (0.41–0.60)
|
0.0001
|
|
Nitrofurantoin
|
18,422 (96%)
|
29,434 (87%)
|
0.28 (0.26–0.30)
|
0.0001
|
4356 (52%)
|
5155 (59%)
|
1.33 (1.22–1.44)
|
0.0001
|
|
Piperacillin/tazobactam
|
28,739 (83%)
|
40,524 (76%)
|
0.84 (0.81–0.873)
|
0.0001
|
7618 (81%)
|
9292 (78%)
|
0.83 (0.77–0.90)
|
0.0001
|
|
Tigecycline
|
9716 (98%)
|
39,050 (96%)
|
0.24 (0.20–0.30)
|
0.0001
|
2243 (87%)
|
8546 (93%)
|
1.99 (1.71–2.31)
|
0.0001
|
|
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
|
29,689 (49%)
|
41,496 (53%)
|
1.13 (1.10–1.16)
|
0.0001
|
7709 (57%)
|
9498 (58%)
|
1.04 (0.98–1.11)
|
0.2
|
- KEY = CI confidence interval, N Number of isolates tested in each bacteria/antibiotic combination, OR Odds Ratio, S Susceptibility, % percent
- P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant
- aThe 2011/2013 data are taken from: Chamoun K, Farah M, Araj G, et al. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Lebanese hospitals: retrospective nationwide compiled data. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;46:64–70
