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Table 1 Trends in antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in Pakistan from 2014 to 2017 compared with 2010–2011 [12]

From: Antimicrobial susceptibility against metronidazole and carbapenem in clinical anaerobic isolates from Pakistan

Organisms

n = 223

Metronidazole resistance (2014–2017) n (%)

Metronidazole resistance (2010–2011) n (%)

P value (Pearson chi square)

Frequency of isolates tested for imipenem (n = 29) n (%)

Imipenem resistance (n = 7) n (%)

Imipenem resistance (2010–2011) N = 0/106

Overall resistance (excluding inherent resistance)

 

39/223 (17.4))

13/106 (12.3)

0.184

7/29 (24.1)

0/106

Bacteroides fragilis

97

20 (20.6)

6/39 (15.3)

0.483

21

6

0

Bacteroides species

74

16 (21.6)

06/28(18)

0.983

5

1(27)

0

Clostridium species

39

2 (5)

1/32 (3)

0.676

3

0

0

Fusobacterium speciesa

3

0

0/1 (0)

Prevotella speciesa

3

1 (33)

0/6 (0)

0

Cutibacterium species

5

5b

Bifidobacterium speciesa

1

1b

 

Eggerthella lenta a

1

1b

 

  1. Species marked (a) were included in “Other” category in regression analysis for association with drug resistance
  2. b Species inherently resistant to metronidazole - Organisms inherently resistant to metronidazole were not included in the comparison of metronidazole resistance between the two study periods