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Table 2 Predictors for the unsuccessful treatment of tuberculosis among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients (n = 545)

From: Treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Netherlands, 2005–2015

No

Predictors

Unsuccessful treatment

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis*

No

(n = 520)

Yes

(n = 25)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

1

Socio-demographic

 Malea

275 (53)

20 (80)

3.55 (1.31–9.60)

0.008

2.30 (0.79–6.69)

0.13

 Age (years):

   

0.88

Not included

–

  18–24

101 (19.4)

5 (20)

Ref.

–

–

–

  25–64

385 (74)

19 (76)

0.99 (0.36–2.74)

–

–

–

  65+

34 (6.5)

1 (4)

0.59 (0.06–5.27)

–

–

–

 Foreign-born patientsa

447 (86.3)

22 (88)

1.12 (0.34–3.99)

0.81

Not included

–

 Urban domicileb

174 (33.5)

12 (48)

0.55 (0.24–1.22)

0.13

1.85 (0.74–4.63)

0.19

2

Current TB diagnosis

 Pulmonary diagnosis:

   

0.07

 

0.39

  ETB

188 (36.2)

3 (12)

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

  PTB

265 (51)

18 (72)

4.26 (1.24–14.66)

–

2.44 (0.66–9.05)

–

  ETB + PTB

67 (12.9)

4 (16)

3.74 (0.82–17.15)

–

2.50 (0.49–12.66)

–

 Type of TB location:

   

0.20

Not included

–

  Lungs

313 (60.2)

20 (80)

2.48 (0.92–6.71)

–

–

–

  Miliary and central nervous system

13 (2.5)

0 (0)

n/a

–

–

–

  Others

194 (37.3)

5 (20)

Ref.

–

–

–

 Diagnosed by doctors abroad

11 (2.1)

0 (0)

n/a

–

–

–

 Type of resistance:

   

0.03

 

0.05

  Isoniazid mono−/poly-resistant

365 (70.2)

10 (40)

Ref.

–

Ref.

–

  Rifampicin mono−/poly-resistant

16 (3.1)

1 (4)

2.28 (0.28–18.9)

–

1.68 (0.19–15.22)

–

  Pyrazinamide/ ethambutol mono-resistant

43 (8.3)

3 (12)

2.54 (0.68–9.61)

–

2.96 (0.73–12.07)

–

  MDR-TB

92 (17.7)

11 (44)

4.36 (1.80–10.59)

–

4.43 (1.70–11.60)

–

  XDR-TB

4 (0.8)

0 (0)

n/a

–

n/a

–

3

History of TB disease & treatment

 Previously diagnosed with TBa

55 (11.7)

4 (17.4)

1.59 (0.52–4.83)

0.51

Not included

–

 Previously treated LTBIa

24 (5.2)

0 (0)

n/a

0.62

Not included

–

4

Risk group of TB

 TB contacts

27 (5.2)

2 (8)

1.59 (0.36–7.09)

0.54

Not included

–

 Immigrants

65 (12.5)

3 (12)

0.96 (0.28–3.28)

0.94

Not included

–

 Asylum seekers

81 (15.6)

6 (24)

1.71 (0.66–4.42)

0.26

Not included

–

 Illegal residence persons

13 (2.5)

1 (4)

1.63 (0.20–12.94)

0.49

Not included

–

 Homeless individuals

9 (1.7)

6 (24)

17.93 (5.79–55.50)

0.000

9.10 (2.32–35.74)

0.002

 Alcohol dependence

5 (1)

3 (12)

14.05 (3.15–62.54)

0.004

4.35 (0.60–31.31)

0.14

 Substance abuse

12 (2.3)

6 (24)

13.37 (4.53–39.43)

0.000

6.66 (1.72–25.82)

0.006

 Health care workers

4 (0.8)

0 (0)

n/a

0.66

Not included

–

 Travellers from/in endemic areas for more than 3 month

19 (3.7)

0(0)

n/a

0.33

Not included

–

 Prisoners

10 (1.9)

2 (8)

4.44 (0.92–21.42)

0.10

0.43 (0.05–3.94)

–

5

Comorbidities

 Diabetes

17 (3.3)

1 (4)

1.23 (0.16–9.65)

0.58

Not included

–

 Malignancy

11 (2.1)

0 (0)

n/a

0.46

Not included

–

 Insufficient renal function or on dialysis

5 (1)

0 (0)

n/a

0.62

Not included

–

 Organ transplantation

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

n/a

0.76

Not included

–

  1. Information: *The cases were analysed using backward elimination method in the multivariate analysis; Hosmer & Lemeshow test 0.88; n/a: not applicable due to small number of event; Ref.: Reference; Not included: the predictor was not included due to p-value > 0.15 in the univariate analysis; amissing value: Gender 1 (0.2%), Country of birth 2 (0.4%), Newly diagnosed TB 53 (9.7%), previous LTBI treatment 58 (10.6%); bUrban domicile: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht; TB, tuberculosis; ETB, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; XDR-TB, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; CI, confidence interval
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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