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Table 3 Predictors for mortality outcomes due to tuberculosis among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients (n = 545)

From: Treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Netherlands, 2005–2015

No

Predictors

TB-associated mortality

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis*

No

(n = 539; %)

Yes (n = 6; %)

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p-value

1

Socio-demographic

 Malea

292 (54.3)

3 (50)

0.84 (0.17–4.21)

0.83

Not included

 Age (years):

   

0.07

 

0.05

  18–24

105 (19.5)

1 (16.7)

Ref.

Ref.

  25–64

401 (74.4)

3 (50)

0.78 (0.08–7.63)

0.65 (0.06–6.91)

  65+

33 (6.1)

2 (33.3)

6.36 (0.56–72.44)

8.24 (0.63–107. 05)

 Foreign-born patientsa

464 (86.4)

5 (83.3)

0.78 (0.09–6.83)

0.58

Not included

 Urban domicileb

183 (34)

3 (50)

1.95 (0.39–9.73)

0.42

Not included

2

Current TB diagnosis

 Pulmonary diagnosis:

   

0.23

Not included

  ETB

191 (35.4)

0 (0)

n/a

  PTB

280 (51.9)

3 (50)

0.24 (0.05–1.23)

  ETB + PTB

68 (12.6)

3 (50)

Ref.

 Type of TB location:

   

0.013

 

0.024

  Lungs

329 (61)

4 (66.7)

Ref.

Ref.

  Miliary and central nervous system

11 (2)

2 (33.3)

14.96 (2.47–90.52)

15.60 (2.18–111.52)

  Others

199 (36.9)

0 (0)

n/a

n/a

 Diagnosed by doctors abroad

11 (2)

0 (0)

0

0.72

Not included

 Type of resistance:

   

0.97

Not included

  Isoniazid mono−/poly-resistant

371 (68.8)

4 (66.7)

Ref.

  Rifampicin mono−/poly-resistant

17 (3.2)

0 (0)

n/a

  Pyrazinamide/ ethambutol mono-resistant

45 (8.3)

1 (16.7)

2.06 (0.23–18.85)

  MDR-TB

102 (18.9)

1 (16.7)

0.91 (0.10–8.23)

  XDR-TB

4 (0.7)

0 (0)

n/a

3

History of TB disease & treatment

 Previously diagnosed with TBa

59 (12.1)

0 (0)

n/a

0.41

Not included

 Previously treated LTBIa

24 (5)

0 (0)

n/a

0.61

Not included

4

The risk group of TB

 TB contacts

29 (5.4)

0 (0)

0

0.56

Not included

 Immigrants

67 (12.4)

1 (16.7)

1.41 (0.16–12.24)

0.55

Not included

 Asylum seekers

86 (16)

1 (16.7)

1.05 (0.12–9.13)

0.96

Not included

 Illegal residence persons

13 (2.4)

1 (16.7)

8.09 (0.88–74.24)

0.15

8.87 (0.71–111.40)

0.09

 Homeless individual

15 (2.8)

0 (0)

n/a

0.68

Not included

 Alcohol dependence

8 (1.5)

0 (0)

n/a

0.76

Not included

 Substance abuse

18 (3.3)

0 (0)

n/a

0.65

Not included

 Health care workers

4 (0.7)

0 (0)

n/a

0.83

Not included

 Travellers from/in endemic areas for more than 3 month

19 (3.5)

0 (0)

n/a

0.64

Not included

 Prisoners

12 (2.2)

0 (0)

n/a

0.71

Not included

5

Comorbidities

 Diabetes

17 (3.2)

1 (16.7)

6.14 (0.68–55.46)

0.18

Not included

 Malignancy

11 (2)

0 (0)

n/a

0.72

Not included

 Insufficient renal function or on dialysis

5 (0.9)

0 (0)

n/a

0.81

Not included

 Organ transplantation

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

n/a

0.88

Not included

  1. Information: * The cases were analysed using entry method in the multivariate analysis; Hosmer & Lemeshow test 0.85; n/a: not applicable due to small number of event; Ref.: Reference; Not included: the predictor was not included due to p-value > 0.15 in the univariate analysis; amissing value: Gender 1 (0.2%), Country of birth 2 (0.4%), Newly diagnosed TB 53 (9.7%), previous LTBI treatment 58 (10.6%); bUrban domicile: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht; TB, tuberculosis; ETB, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; XDR-TB, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; CI, confidence interval