Table 2 Comparative analysis of characteristics by PIVC Failure
Variables | PIVC Failure | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Overall | ||
Total PVCs, n (%) | 414 (58.2) | 297 (41.8) | 711 (100) | |
Age years, n (%) | ||||
18–34 | 26 (6.3) | 16 (5.4) | 42 (5.9) | 0.456 |
35–49 | 29 (7.0) | 31 (10.4) | 60 (8.4) | |
50–64 | 76 (18.4) | 48 (16.2) | 124 (17.4) | |
65–79 | 134 (32.3) | 89 (30.0) | 223 (31.4) | |
+ 80 | 149 (36.0) | 113 (38.0) | 262 (36.8) | |
Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
0 | 50 (12.1) | 38 (12.8) | 88 (12.4) | 0.686 |
1 | 105 (25.3) | 67 (22.6) | 172 (24.2) | |
2 or more | 259 (62.6) | 192 (64.6) | 451 (63.4) | |
Insertion site, n (%) | ||||
Hand | 109 (26.3) | 64 (21.5) | 173 (24.4) | 0.210 |
Wrist | 14 (3.4) | 8 (2.7) | 22 (3.1) | |
Forearm | 200 (48.3) | 135 (45.5) | 335 (47.1) | |
Antecubital fossa | 89 (21.5) | 88 (29.6) | 177 (24.9) | |
Arm | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | |
Foot | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (0.4) | |
Laterality, n (%) | ||||
Left | 219 (52.9) | 149 (50.2) | 368 (51.8) | 0.472 |
Right | 195 (47.1) | 148 (49.8) | 343 (48.2) | |
Intravenous cannula size, n (%) | ||||
16 G | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (0.7) | 0.452 |
18 G | 87 (21.0) | 58 (19.5) | 145 (20.4) | |
20 G | 275 (66.4) | 190 (64.0) | 465 (65.4) | |
22 G | 46 (11.1) | 41 (13.8) | 87 (12.2) | |
24 G | 3 (0.7) | 6 (2.0) | 9 (1.3) | |
Indwelling, n (%) | ||||
< 48 h | 130 (31.4) | 104 (35.0) | 234 (32.9) | 0.599 |
48–96 h | 196 (47.3) | 133 (44.8) | 329 (46.3) | |
> 96 h | 88 (21.3) | 60 (20.2) | 148 (20.8) | |
Setting of Insertion, n (%) | ||||
Ward hospital | 153 (37.0) | 110 (37.0) | 263 (37.0) | 0.230 |
Operating room | 32 (7.7) | 14 (4.7) | 46 (6.5) | |
Emergency | 186 (44.9) | 147 (49.5) | 333 (46.8) | |
ICU | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (0.7) | |
Maternity | 4 (1.0) | 2 (0.7) | 6 (0.8) | |
Other hospitals | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.1) | |
Primary care | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | |
Not registered | 33 (8.0) | 22 (7.4) | 55 (7.8) | |
Setting of removal | ||||
Medical wards | 359 (86.7) | 266 (76.1) | 585 (82.3) | < 0.001 |
Surgical wards | 55 (13.3) | 71 (23.9) | 126 (17.7) | |
Negative tip | 398 (96.1) | 272 (91.6) | 670 (94.2) | 0.010 |
CRBSI (> 15 CFU), n (%) | 16 (3.9) | 25 (8.4) | 41 (5.8) | |
Colonised | 16 (100) | 2 (8.0) | 18 (43.9) | < 0.001 |
CRBSI type 1 | 0 | 22 (88.0) | 22 (53.6) | |
CRBSI type 2 | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
CRBSI type 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Isolated microorganisms, n (%) | 16 (100) | 25 (100) | 41 (100) | 0.822 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 1 (6.2) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
MRSA | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | 12 (75.0) | 17 (68.0) | 29 (70.7) | |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus | 1 (6.2) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (4.9) | |
Acinetobacter baumannii | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
Staphylococcus hominis | 1 (6.2) | 1 (4.0) | 2 (4.9) | |
Staphylococcus capitis | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
Candida albicans | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
Corynebacterium sp. | 1 (6.2) | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
Staphylococcus simulans | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
Non-fermenting gram-negative bacillus | 0 | 1 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | |