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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristic of all discharged patients: 2013–2017

From: Incidence of healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China: results from a real-time surveillance system

Characteristic

Without HAI

(N = 615132)

With HAI

(N = 18768)

Effect sizea

Sex (n, %)

  

0.03

 Male

328942 (53.48)

11567 (61.63)

 

 Female

286190 (46.52)

7201 (38.37)

 

Age (mean, SD)

49.72 (18.85)

53.39 (22.99)

0.17

Length of stay (median, IQR)

7.10 (7.74)

25.05 (20.74)

0.83

Wards (n, %)

  

0.09

 ICU

19055 (3.10)

2353 (12.54)

 

 Non-ICU

596077 (96.90)

16415 (87.46)

 

Receiving antibiotics (n, %)

248348 (40.37)

17440 (92.92)

0.18

Receiving surgery (n, %)

198558 (32.28)

5892 (31.39)

0.00

Device-associated operation (n, %)

 Central venous catheter

157778 (25.65)

11065 (58.96)

0.13

 Urinary catheter

170721 (27.75)

10061 (53.61)

0.10

 Ventilator

22390 (3.64)

4871 (25.95)

0.19

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, ICU intensive care unit. aEffect size cutoffs: small (0.2), medium (0.5) and large (0.8), Cramér’s V and Cohen’s d were used to test the nominal and continuous variables’ effect size, respectively