Table 4 Studies describing hospital costs among patients with resistant and multi-drug resistant E. coli
From: Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review
Author | Bacteria | Comparison | Description of cost | Median cost in 2015 USD | Mean cost in 2015 USD | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Control | Median cost | Case | Control | Increase | Ratio | P-value | Mean cost | Case | Control | Increase | Ratio | P-value | |||
de Kraker et al. [36] | E. coli | Third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli | Third generation cephalosporin susceptible E. coli | Excess total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (95% CI) | 1861(776–3319) | 776(530–1236) | 985(246–2084) | 2.12 | < 0.05 | |
Tumbarello et al. [81] | E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Total hospital cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 13,709(16312) | 16,312(6683) | 5026(9629) | 1.58 | 0.0300 |
Thaden et al. [82] | E. coli | MDR | Non-MDR | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 9527(5915–19,648) | 7503(4301–13,447) | 2024(1614–6201) | 1.27 | < 0.0001 | Mean (SD) | 18,917(29394) | 29,394(24416) | 4141(4978) | 1.28 | < 0.0001 |
Apisarnthanarak et al. [83] | E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Hospital cost after culture | Median (range) | 662(54–3981) | 243(66–2335) | 419(− 13–1646) | 2.72 | < 0.05 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Apisarnthanarak et al. [84] | E. coli | ESBL positive | Without infection | Total hospital cost | Median (range) | 662(54–3981) | 136(29–991) | 527(25–2990) | 4.89 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alam et al. [85] | E. coli | Resistant to at least one antibiotic | Sensitive to all six antibiotics | Total hospital cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 33(46) | 46(42) | 8(4) | 1.33 | 0.0060 |
E. coli | Resistant to at least one antibiotic | Sensitive to all six antibiotics | Antibiotic cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (SD) | 7(14) | 14(3) | 3(11) | 1.72 | < 0.001 | |
Esteve-Palau et al. [86] | E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 4877(3537–9645) | 3379(2318–5832) | 1498(1220–3813) | 1.44 | 0.0070 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Antibiotic cost | Median (IQR) | 259(53–605) | 22(8–82) | 238(45–523) | 12.00 | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Cornejo-Juarez et al. [87] | E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Total hospital cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 6535(4352) | 4352(3176) | 1808(1176) | 1.38 | 0.0100 |
E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Antibiotic cost | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Mean (SD) | 2801(2275) | 2275(1669) | 848(607) | 1.43 | 0.0200 | |
Xu et al. [51] | E. coli | MDR | Non-MDR | Total hospital cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (SD) | 3645(4948) | 4948(3068) | 1574(1881) | 1.76 | < 0.001 |
E. coli | MDR | Non-MDR | Antibiotic cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean (SD) | 234(301) | 301(179) | 81(122) | 1.52 | < 0.001 | |
Meng et al. [88] | E. coli | CREC | CSEC | Total hospital cost | Median | 12,670 | 10,290 |  |  | > 0.05 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
E. coli | CREC | Without infection | Total hospital cost | Median | 12,670 | 2818 | 9851 | 4.50 | < 0.000 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Leistner et al. [89] | E. coli | ESBL positive | ESBL negative | Total hospital cost | Median (IQR) | 21,712(9016–59,726) | 23,841(8060–67,701) |  |  | 0.3590 |  |  |  |  |  |  |