|
Antibiotic prescribing practices of individual physicians (Mean ± SD
)
|
|
Percentage of prescriptions containing antibiotics (%)
|
41.45 ± 20.13
|
39.55 ± 23.35
|
41.97 ± 19.15
|
0.066
|
|
Percentage of prescriptions containing two or more antibiotics (%)
|
10.23 ± 10.53
|
7.00 ± 9.82
|
11.12 ± 10.56
|
< 0.001
|
|
Number (%) of correct answers to antibiotic prescribing knowledge
|
|
K1: Non-febrile diarrhea
|
475 (95.19)
|
102 (94.44)
|
373 (95.40)
|
0.682
|
|
K2: Upper respiratory tract infections
|
25 (5.01)
|
3 (2.78)
|
22 (5.63)
|
0.320
|
|
K3: Renal failure
|
56 (11.22)
|
8 (7.41)
|
48 (12.28)
|
0.156
|
|
K4: Pregnant patients
|
482 (96.59)
|
104 (96.30)
|
378 (96.68)
|
0.770
|
|
K5: Anaerobes
|
485 (97.19)
|
108 (100.00)
|
377 (96.42)
|
0.048
|
|
K6: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus
|
145 (29.06)
|
35 (32.41)
|
110 (28.13)
|
0.386
|
|
K7: Crossing the blood-brain barrier
|
206 (41.28)
|
50 (46.30)
|
156 (39.90)
|
0.232
|
|
K8: Bacterial pneumonia
|
232 (46.49)
|
56 (51.85)
|
176 (45.01)
|
0.207
|
|
K9: Reducing complications of upper respiratory tract infections
|
263 (52.71)
|
56 (51.85)
|
207 (52.94)
|
0.841
|
|
K10: Administration of Aminoglycosides
|
305 (61.12)
|
69 (63.89)
|
236 (60.36)
|
0.505
|
|
K11: Standards of antibiotic use in primary cares
|
375 (75.15)
|
93 (86.11)
|
282 (72.12)
|
0.003
|
|
Summed knowledge score (Mean ± SD)
|
6.11 ± 1.46
|
6.33 ± 1.42
|
6.04 ± 1.46
|
0.073
|
|
Score of attitudes toward rational antibiotic prescribing (Mean ± SD)
|
|
A1: Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem in my setting
|
3.02 ± 0.90
|
2.79 ± 1.01
|
3.09 ± 0.86
|
0.006
|
|
A2: It is useful to wait for a microbiology result when treating infections
|
3.34 ± 0.60
|
3.34 ± 0.66
|
3.34 ± 0.59
|
0.710
|
|
A3: One antibiotic prescription does not influence the development of AR
|
3.04 ± 0.82
|
2.98 ± 0.96
|
3.06 ± 0.78
|
0.781
|
|
A4: New antibiotics will be created to solve AR problems
|
1.54 ± 0.94
|
1.74 ± 1.07
|
1.48 ± 0.89
|
0.017
|
|
A5: The use of antibiotics in animals is a major cause of AR
|
2.60 ± 0.91
|
2.71 ± 0.81
|
2.57 ± 0.94
|
0.219
|
|
A6: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are preferred for infections in doubt
|
1.99 ± 1.02
|
2.22 ± 1.02
|
1.92 ± 1.01
|
0.007
|
|
A7: Antibiotics are often prescribed for patients untrackable
|
2.89 ± 0.96
|
3.05 ± 0.95
|
2.85 ± 0.96
|
0.035
|
|
A8: It is best to prescribe antibiotics if bacterial infections are uncertain
|
2.87 ± 0.83
|
3.01 ± 0.80
|
2.83 ± 0.84
|
0.042
|
|
A9: Antibiotics are often prescribed due to patient demands
|
2.86 ± 0.91
|
2.77 ± 0.88
|
2.88 ± 0.92
|
0.161
|
|
A10: Patients will get antibiotics from a pharmacy even without my prescriptions
|
1.19 ± 0.94
|
1.19 ± 0.96
|
1.20 ± 0.93
|
0.938
|
|
A11: Amoxicillin is effective for most respiratory infections in primary care
|
2.22 ± 1.01
|
2.25 ± 1.05
|
2.21 ± 1.00
|
0.737
|
|
Summed attitudes score
|
27.56 ± 3.46
|
28.05 ± 3.52
|
27.42 ± 3.43
|
0.097
|
|
Perceived patient pressure (Mean ± SD)
|
|
Percentage of patients expecting antibiotics
|
54.91 ± 22.59
|
50.23 ± 21.48
|
56.20 ± 22.75
|
0.001
|
|
Degree of impacts of patient expectation on antibiotic prescribing
|
43.34 ± 26.41
|
40.74 ± 25.48
|
44.05 ± 26.64
|
0.204
|
|
Total score of perceived patient pressure for antibiotics
|
25.63 ± 21.41
|
22.22 ± 21.40
|
26.57 ± 21.47
|
0.026
|
|
Time pressure (Mean ± SD)
|
|
Length of consultant per visit (Minutes)
|
10.58 ± 6.47
|
12.00 ± 6.91
|
10.18 ± 6.30
|
0.007
|
