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Table 2 Perception and attitude on appropriate antimicrobial use, antimicrobial resistance and infection control between DIT and MS groups

From: Perception, attitude, knowledge and learning style preference on challenges of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial overuse among first year doctors in training and final year medical students

Perceptions and attitudes

Mean Likert scale score (±SD)

p-value

Good perceptiona (%)

p-value

DIT (N = 225)

MS (N = 455)

DIT (N = 225)

MS (N = 455)

1. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials can harm patients

4.58 ± 0.63

4.52 ± 0.59

0.29

94.2%

95.4%

0.51

2. Prescribing broad-spectrum antimicrobials increases antimicrobial resistance

4.54 ± 0.65

4.45 ± 0.71

0.12

94.7%

89.7%

0.03

3. Appropriate use of antimicrobials can cause antimicrobial resistance

3.37 ± 0.88

3.43 ± 0.87

0.35

47.1%

48.8%

0.68

4. Antimicrobials are overused in our hospitals

3.84 ± 0.88

3.94 ± 0.87

0.19

65.3%

71.0%

0.13

5. Antimicrobials are overused nationally

4.46 ± 0.63

4.26 ± 0.75

< 0.001

94.7%

85.1%

< 0.001

6. Antimicrobial resistance is not a significant problem in our hospitalb

2.16 ± 0.93

2.10 ± 0.98

0.51

73.3%

75.4%

0.56

7. Antimicrobial resistance is not a significant problem nationallyb

1.73 ± 0.70

1.91 ± 0.88

0.008

92.4%

84.6%

0.004

8. New antimicrobials will be developed in the future to solve antimicrobial resistance

4.26 ± 0.74

4.37 ± 0.71

0.05

86.2%

89.0%

0.29

9. Poor adherence to hand hygiene practices can cause the spread of antimicrobial resistance among patients

4.41 ± 0.72

4.40 ± 0.67

0.91

89.8%

91.2%

0.55

10. I would like more education on how to use antimicrobials appropriately

4.43 ± 0.65

4.51 ± 0.63

0.08

92.0%

93.6%

0.43

11. I would like more education on antimicrobial resistance

4.35 ± 0.69

4.46 ± 0.66

0.04

89.3%

91.4%

0.38

12. I would like more education on hospital infection control

4.28 ± 0.69

4.32 ± 0.69

0.44

88.4%

89.5%

0.69

  1. aGood perception was noted if a participant agreed or strongly agreed (scale 4–5) in a positive question or disagreed or strongly disagreed (scale 1–2) in a negative question bQuestions 6 and 7 are negative questions. All other questions are positive questions