Fig. 3From: The anti-virulence effect of cranberry active compound proanthocyanins (PACs) on expression of genes in the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli CTX-M-15 associated with urinary tract infectionThe expression fold change of genes antibiotic resistance, iron acquisition, toxins, protections and genes responsible for the normal function of the cell. The results of the expression fold change were normalized against the reference gene 16 s and then were taken away from one to show the genes were downregulatedBack to article page