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Table 4 Inappropriate antibiotic Usage (n = 2022)

From: Pattern of inappropriate antibiotic use among hospitalized patients in Pakistan: a longitudinal surveillance and implications

Antibiotics

Inappropriate indication

N (%)

Inappropriate dosage

N (%)

Inappropriate treatment

N (%)

Penicillins

173 (61.1)

140 (49.5)

201 (71.0)

 Narrow/broad spectrum

81 (67.5)

92 (76.7)

102 (85.0)

 With β-lactamase inhibitor

92 (56.4)

48 (29.5)

99 (60.7)

Cephalosporins

470 (50.4)

418 (44.8)

627 (67.2)

 1st generation

37 (32.5)

72 (86.7)

92 (80.7)

 2nd generation

32 (38.5)

49 (59.1)

66 (79.5)

 3rd generation

395 (54.2)

293 (40.2)

463 (63.5)

 4th generation

6 (85.7)

4 (57.1)

6 (85.7)

Carbapenems

20 (76.6)

18 (58.1)

22 (70.9)

Macrolides

37 (62.7)

29 (49.2)

44 (74.6)

Aminoglycosides

67 (21.2)

84 (26.6)

113 (35.8)

Fluoroquinolones

71 (36.8)

108 (55.9)

124 (64.2)

Others Antibacterial

67 (32.2)

133 (63.9)

152 (73.1)