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Table 1 Characteristics of ARISE survey participants from the EU/EEA, 2017 (n = 1062)

From: European intensive care physicians’ experience of infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria

 

European sub-region

Total

P-value

Eastern

Northern

Southern

Western

Total replies [n (%)]a

94

(8.9)

233

(21.9)

248

(23.4)

487

(45.9)

1062

(100)

 

Hospital and ICU characteristics

 Type of hospital [n, (%)]b

 General hospital

35

(37.2)

100

(42.9)

124

(50.0)

192

(39.4)

451

(42.5)

< 0.05

 University/teaching

59

(62.8)

133

(57.1)

124

(50.0)

295

(60.6)

611

(57.5)

 

Type of ICU [n (%)]b

 Medical ICU

10

(10.6)

6

(2.6)

22

(8.9)

53

(10.9)

91

(8.6)

< 0.001

 Surgical ICU

5

(5.3)

5

(2.1)

12

(4.8)

112

(23.0)

134

(12.6)

 

 Mixed ICU

66

(70.2)

197

(84.5)

184

(74.2)

289

(59.3)

736

(69.3)

 

 Other ICU

13

(13.8)

25

(10.7)

30

(12.1)

33

(6.8)

101

(9.5)

 

Number of beds in the ICU [Median (IQR)]

 

10

(6–13.5)

12

(8–20)

10

(8–15)

14

(10–20)

12

(8–18)

< 0.001

Number of yearly ICU admissions [n (%)]b

  ≤ 300

29

(30.9)

15

(6.4)

57

(23.0)

25

(5.1)

126

(11.9)

< 0.001

 301–600

44

(46.8)

62

(26.6)

101

(40.7)

160

(32.9)

367

(34.6)

 

 601–1200

13

(13.8)

101

(43.3)

65

(25.8)

190

(39.0)

368

(34.7)

 

  > 1200

5

(5.3)

53

(22.7)

22

(8.9)

105

(21.6)

185

(17.4)

 

 Missing

3

(3.2)

2

(0.9)

4

(1.6)

7

(1.4)

16

(1.5)

 

Characteristics of participating ICU physicians

 Training status [n (%)]b

  ICU specialist

78

(83.0)

178

(76.4)

208

(83.9)

386

(79.3)

850

(80.0)

< 0.05

  Medical specialist

1

(1.1)

5

(2.1)

13

(5.2)

25

(5.1)

44

(4.1)

 

  Surgery specialist

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

2

(0.4)

2

(0.2)

 

  In training for ICU specialist

9

(9.6)

35

(15.0)

16

(6.5)

40

(8.2)

100

(9.4)

 

  Other

1

(1.1)

7

(3.0)

0

(0.0)

4

(0.8)

12

(1.1)

 

  Missing

5

(5.3)

8

(3.4)

11

(4.4)

30

(6.2)

54

(5.1)

 

 Years of clinical practice in ICU [Median (IQR)]

 

20

(11.25–33.5)

15

(8–26)

15

(8–26)

18

(8–35)

17

(8–32.75)

NS

 Percentage of time dedicated to ICU [Median (IQR)]

 

61

(51–83.5)

61

(51–81)

96

(71–100)

81

(51–100)

80

(51–100)

< 0.001

 Perception of MDR bacteria [n (%)]b

  Minor problem

17

(18.1)

115

(49.4)

63

(25.4)

196

(40.2)

391

(36.8)

< 0.001

  Moderate problem

34

(36.2)

79

(33.9)

80

(32.3)

167

(34.3)

360

(33.9)

 

  Major problem

38

(40.4)

31

(13.3)

94

(37.9)

94

(19.3)

257

(24.2)

 

  Missing

5

(5.3)

8

(3.4)

11

(4.4)

30

(6.2)

54

(5.1)

 

 Antibiotic therapy prescription [n (%)]b

  Commonly

25

(26.6)

60

(25.8)

84

(33.9)

179

(36.8)

348

(32.8)

NS

  Often

55

(58.5)

141

(60.5)

140

(56.5)

254

(52.2)

590

(55.6)

 

  Rarely

14

(14.9)

32

(13.7)

24

(9.7)

54

(11.1)

124

(11.7)

 

Management of antimicrobial treatment

 External specialist consultation in case of resistant or difficult to treat infections [n (%)]b

  Infectious disease specialist

18

(19.1)

91

(39.1)

140

(56.5)

306

(62.8)

555

(52.3)

< 0.001

  Other external specialists

62

(66.0)

133

(57.1)

41

(16.5)

115

(23.6)

351

(33.1)

 

  No consultation of external specialists

9

(9.6)

1

(0.4)

53

(21.4)

32

(6.6)

95

(8.9)

 

  Missing/Do not know

5

(5.3)

8

(3.4)

14

(5.6)

34

(7.0)

61

(5.7)

 

 Availability of protocols for empiric treatment in the ICU [n (%)]b

  Yes

61

(64.9)

217

(93.1)

175

(70.6)

311

(63.9)

764

(71.9)

< 0.001

  No

28

(29.8)

6

(2.6)

58

(23.4)

138

(28.3)

230

(21.7)

 

  Do not know

0

(0.0)

1

(0.4)

2

(0.8)

5

(1.0)

8

(0.8)

 

  Missing

5

(5.3)

9

(3.9)

13

(5.2)

33

(6.8)

60

(5.6)

 

 Type of guidelines/protocols/recommendations used for antimicrobial treatment [n (%)]b

  ICU-specific

48

(51.1)

117

(50.2)

118

(47.6)

236

(48.5)

519

(48.9)

NS

  Other (hospital-specific, national or international)

29

(30.9)

91

(39.1)

84

(33.9)

155

(31.8)

359

(33.8)

 

  None of the above

3

(3.2)

0

(0.0)

5

(2.0)

13

(2.7)

21

(2.0)

 

  Do not know

2

(2.1)

1

(0.4)

1

(0.4)

3

(0.6)

7

(0.7)

 

  Missing

12

(12.8)

24

(10.3)

40

(16.1)

80

(16.4)

156

(14.7)

 

 Availability of resistance statistics for the ICU [n (%)]b

  Regularly

58

(61.7)

111

(47.6)

142

(57.3)

261

(53.6)

572

(53.9)

< 0.001

  Irregularly

15

(16.0)

51

(21.9)

46

(18.5)

84

(17.2)

196

(18.5)

 

  Not at all

7

(7.4)

18

(7.7)

15

(6.0)

36

(7.4)

76

(7.2)

 

  Do not know

2

(2.1)

29

(12.4)

5

(2.0)

28

(5.7)

64

(6.0)

 

  Missing

12

(12.8)

24

(10.3)

40

(16.1)

78

(16.0)

154

(14.5)

 
  1. EU/EEA European Union/European Economic Area; ICU Intensive Care Unit; n number; IQR interquartile range; MDR Multi-drug resistance
  2. aPercentage of all respondents
  3. bPercentage of respondents by European region