Skip to main content

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with a higher ranking of perception of AMR as a problem among ARISE participants from the EU/EEA

From: European intensive care physicians’ experience of infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Characteristics

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-value

Adjusted Odds Ratio

95% CI

P-value

European sub-region

 Western

1

  

1

  

 Eastern

2.95

1.93–4.53

< 0.001

3.09

1.94–4.92

< 0.001

 Northern

0.70

0.51–0.94

< 0.05

0.86

0.62–1.20

NS

 Southern

2.33

1.74–3.13

< 0.001

2.67

1.94–3.69

< 0.001

Type of hospital

 General hospital

1

  

1

  

 University/teaching

1.30

1.03–1.64

< 0.05

1.29

0.99–1.70

NS (0.06)

Type of ICU

 Medical ICU

1

  

1

  

 Surgical ICU

0.75

0.45–1.24

NS

0.92

0.54–1.56

NS

 Mixed ICU

0.61

0.40–0.92

< 0.05

0.73

0.47–1.13

NS

 Other ICU

0.56

0.32–0.96

< 0.05

0.54

0.30–0.95

< 0.05

 Number of beds in the ICU

1.01

1.00–1.02

NS

   

 Years of clinical practice in ICU

1.00

0.99–1.01

NS

   

Number of yearly ICU admissions

  ≤ 300

1

  

1

  

 301–600

0.76

0.56–1.01

NS

1.05

0.74–1.48

NS

 601–1200

1.56

1.21–2.01

< 0.001

1.43

1.10–1.87

< 0.05

  > 1200

0.90

0.73–1.11

NS

0.91

0.73–1.13

NS

Training status

 ICU specialist

1

     

 Other specialty

0.92

0.58–1.46

NS

   

 Percentage of time dedicated to ICU

1.00

1.00–1.01

NS

   

External specialist consultation in case of difficult to treat infections

 Consultation of external specialists

1

     

 No consultation of external specialists

1.18

0.80–1.74

NS

   

Availability of protocols for empiric treatment in the ICU

 Yes

1

  

1

  

 No

1.79

1.36–2.35

< 0.001

1.59

1.19–2.13

< 0.05

Type of guidelines/protocols used for antimicrobial treatment

 ICU-specific

1

     

 Other (hospital-specific, national or international)

1.06

0.83–1.36

NS

   

 None of these

1.40

0.63–3.12

NS

   

Availability of resistance statistics for the ICU

 Regularly

1

     

 Irregularly

1.19

0.89–1.61

NS

   

 Not at all

1.04

0.67–1.63

NS

   

 Do not know

0.71

0.44–1.16

NS

   
  1. CI confidence interval; ICU intensive care unit; NS not significant, p > 0.05