From: European intensive care physicians’ experience of infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
European sub-region | ||||||
Western | 1 | 1 | ||||
Eastern | 2.95 | 1.93–4.53 | < 0.001 | 3.09 | 1.94–4.92 | < 0.001 |
Northern | 0.70 | 0.51–0.94 | < 0.05 | 0.86 | 0.62–1.20 | NS |
Southern | 2.33 | 1.74–3.13 | < 0.001 | 2.67 | 1.94–3.69 | < 0.001 |
Type of hospital | ||||||
General hospital | 1 | 1 | ||||
University/teaching | 1.30 | 1.03–1.64 | < 0.05 | 1.29 | 0.99–1.70 | NS (0.06) |
Type of ICU | ||||||
Medical ICU | 1 | 1 | ||||
Surgical ICU | 0.75 | 0.45–1.24 | NS | 0.92 | 0.54–1.56 | NS |
Mixed ICU | 0.61 | 0.40–0.92 | < 0.05 | 0.73 | 0.47–1.13 | NS |
Other ICU | 0.56 | 0.32–0.96 | < 0.05 | 0.54 | 0.30–0.95 | < 0.05 |
Number of beds in the ICU | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | NS | |||
Years of clinical practice in ICU | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | NS | |||
Number of yearly ICU admissions | ||||||
≤ 300 | 1 | 1 | ||||
301–600 | 0.76 | 0.56–1.01 | NS | 1.05 | 0.74–1.48 | NS |
601–1200 | 1.56 | 1.21–2.01 | < 0.001 | 1.43 | 1.10–1.87 | < 0.05 |
> 1200 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.11 | NS | 0.91 | 0.73–1.13 | NS |
Training status | ||||||
ICU specialist | 1 | |||||
Other specialty | 0.92 | 0.58–1.46 | NS | |||
Percentage of time dedicated to ICU | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | NS | |||
External specialist consultation in case of difficult to treat infections | ||||||
Consultation of external specialists | 1 | |||||
No consultation of external specialists | 1.18 | 0.80–1.74 | NS | |||
Availability of protocols for empiric treatment in the ICU | ||||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||
No | 1.79 | 1.36–2.35 | < 0.001 | 1.59 | 1.19–2.13 | < 0.05 |
Type of guidelines/protocols used for antimicrobial treatment | ||||||
ICU-specific | 1 | |||||
Other (hospital-specific, national or international) | 1.06 | 0.83–1.36 | NS | |||
None of these | 1.40 | 0.63–3.12 | NS | |||
Availability of resistance statistics for the ICU | ||||||
Regularly | 1 | |||||
Irregularly | 1.19 | 0.89–1.61 | NS | |||
Not at all | 1.04 | 0.67–1.63 | NS | |||
Do not know | 0.71 | 0.44–1.16 | NS |