| Sex (N = 200) | Females | 95 | 47.5 |
| Males | 105 | 52.5 |
| Unit (N = 200) | Neonatology unit | 116 | 58 |
| Neonatal ICU | 84 | 42 |
| Keeping livestock at home (N = 200) | Yes | 37 | 18.5 |
| No | 163 | 81.5 |
| Keeping pet* at home (N = 200) | Yes | 74 | 37 |
| No | 126 | 63 |
| Water sources (N = 200) | Open sources | 14 | 7 |
| Tap water | 175 | 87.5 |
| Both | 11 | 5.5 |
| Drinking water treatment (boiling) (N = 200) | Yes | 123 | 61.5 |
| No | 77 | 38.5 |
| Fever during sampling (N = 200) | Yes | 35 | 17.5 |
| No | 165 | 82.5 |
| Type of fever (N = 35) | Hypothermia | 16 | 45.7 |
| Hyperthermia | 19 | 54.3 |
| Heart rate (N = 192) | Normal | 145 | 75.5 |
| Abnormal | 47 | 24.5 |
| Breathing/respiration rate (N = 191) | Normal | 145 | 75.9 |
| Abnormal | 46 | 24.1 |
| Oxygen saturation (N = 192) | Normal | 142 | 73.9 |
| Abnormal | 50 | 26.1 |
| Prematurity status (N = 200) | Yes | 144 | 72.0 |
| No | 56 | 28.0 |
| Length of hospital stay at enrollment (N = 200) | < 48 h | 143 | 71.5 |
| > 48 h | 57 | 28.5 |
| On antibiotics at the time of clinical sampling (N = 200) | Yes | 175 | 87.5 |
| No | 25 | 12.5 |
| Type of antibiotic (N = 175) | Ceftriaxone | 3 | 1.7 |
| Gentamicin | 166 | 94.9 |
| Ampicillin/ampiclox | 171 | 97.7 |
| Presence of invasive device at sampling (N = 200) | Yes | 166 | 83.0 |
| No | 34 | 17.0 |
| Type of invasive device (N = 166) | Urinary catheter (UC) | 5 | 3.0 |
| Nasogastric tube (NT) | 125 | 75.3 |
| Intravenous line (IV line) | 161 | 96.9 |
| IV line + NT | 117 | 70.5 |
| IV line + NT + UC | 5 | 3.0 |
| Convulsion (N = 192) | Yes | 7 | 3.6 |
| No | 185 | 96.4 |
| Paleness (N = 200) | Yes | 22 | 11.0 |
| No | 178 | 89.0 |
| Meconium stained (N = 200) | Yes | 33 | 16.5 |
| No | 167 | 83.5 |
| Resuscitation (N = 192) | Yes | 128 | 66.7 |
| No | 64 | 33.3 |
| Poor feeding (N = 192) | No | 59 | 30.7 |
| Yes | 133 | 69.3 |
| Jaundice (N = 200) | Yes | 64 | 32.0 |
| No | 136 | 68.0 |
| Cyanosis (N = 200) | Yes | 53 | 26.5 |
| No | 147 | 73.5 |
| Nasal flaring (N = 200) | Yes | 111 | 55.5 |
| No | 89 | 44.5 |
| Chest indrawing (N = 200) | Yes | 78 | 39.0 |
| No | 122 | 61.0 |
| Discharging umbilical cord (N = 200) | Yes | 60 | 30.0 |
| No | 140 | 70.0 |
| Outcomes (N = 200) | Death | 18 | 9.0 |
| Discharge | 182 | 91.0 |
