|
Kennedy [21]
|
2010
|
Australia
|
January 2008–April 2009
|
Hospital staff and contacts
|
102
|
> 92% E. colib
|
Within 2 weeks before and after
|
21 (9–135)
|
6 months
|
|
Tängdén [12]
|
2010
|
Sweden
|
November 2007–January 2009
|
Travel clinic
|
100
|
100% E. coli (24/24b)
|
Unknown
|
14 (7–182)
|
6 months
|
|
Weisenberg [22]
|
2012
|
United States
|
July 2009–February 2010
|
Travel clinic
|
28
|
E. coli 100% (7/7b)
|
1 week before/within 1 week after
|
14 (8–42)
|
None
|
|
Östholm-Balkhed* [23, 24]
|
2013
|
Sweden
|
September 2008–April 2009
|
Vaccination clinic
|
231
|
90% E. coli (104/116)b
|
15 (1–114) days/ 3 (0–191) days
|
16 (4–119)
|
12 months
|
|
Paltansing* [25]
|
2013
|
The Netherlands
|
March 2011–September 2011
|
Travel clinic
|
370
|
92% E. coli (146/158)c
|
Immediately before and after
|
21 (6–90)
|
6 months
|
|
Kuenzli* [26]
|
2014
|
Switzerland
|
December 2012–October 2013
|
Travel clinic
|
190
|
98% E. coli (157/161b)
|
Week before/directly after
|
Mean; 18 (5–35)
|
None
|
|
von Wintersdorff [27]
|
2014
|
The Netherlands
|
November 2010–August 2012
|
Travel clinic
|
122
|
ND
|
Before and immediately after
|
21 (5–240)
|
None
|
|
Angelin* [28]
|
2015
|
Sweden
|
April 2010–January 2014
|
Healthcare students
|
99
|
100% E. coli (35/35c)
|
Close to departure/ 1–2 weeks after return
|
45 (13–365)
|
None
|
|
Kantele* [29]
|
2015
|
Finland
|
March 2009–February 2010
|
Travel clinic
|
430
|
97% E. coli (94/97b)
|
Before/first (or second) stool after
|
Mean; 19 (4–133)
|
12 months
|
|
Lübbert [30]
|
2015
|
Germany
|
May 2013–April 2014
|
Travel clinic
|
205
|
92% E. coli (58/63b)
|
Before/within 1 week after
|
21 (2–218)
|
6 months
|
|
Ruppé* [31]
|
2015
|
France
|
February 2012–April 2013
|
Vaccination centers
|
574
|
93% E. coli (491/526b)
|
Within 1 week before and after
|
20 (IQR 15–30)
|
12 months
|
|
Bernasconi [32]
|
2016
|
Switzerland
|
January 2015–August 2015
|
Unknown
|
38
|
90% E. coli (26/29b)
|
Within 1 week before and after
|
Mean; 15 (8–35)
|
6 months
|
|
Mizuno [33]
|
2016
|
Japan
|
September 2012–March 2015
|
Business travelers
|
57
|
ND
|
Before and at time of return
|
> 6 months
|
None
|
|
Reuland* [34]
|
2016
|
The Netherlands
|
April 2012–April 2013
|
Vaccination clinic
|
445
|
97% E. coli (95/98b)
|
Before/within 2 weeks after
|
Mean; 14 (1–105)
|
None
|
|
Vading* [35]
|
2016
|
Sweden
|
April 2013–May 2015
|
Travel clinic
|
188
|
97% E. coli (65/67b)
|
Unknown
|
14 (IQR 8–20)
|
10 to 26 months
|
|
van Hattemd [36]
|
2016
|
The Netherlands
|
November 2012–November 2013
|
Travel clinic
|
2001
|
60% E. coli (3/5b)
|
Before/immediately and 1 month after travel
|
20 (IQR 15–25)
|
12 months
|
|
Arcilla*d [37]
|
2017
|
The Netherlands
|
November 2012–November 2013
|
Travel clinic
|
2001
|
88% E. coli (759/859b)
|
Before/immediately and 1 month after travel
|
20 (IQR 15–25)
|
12 months
|
|
Leangapichart* [38]
|
2017
|
France
|
Hajj 2013 & 2014
|
Hajj pilgrims
|
218
|
ND
|
Just before departure and after the Hajj just before return
|
22 and 24
|
None
|
|
Peirano* [39]
|
2017
|
Canada
|
January 2012–July 2014
|
Travel clinic
|
116
|
100% E. coli (124/124b)
|
Before /within 1 week after
|
10–38
|
6 months
|
|
Bevan [40]
|
2018
|
United Kingdom
|
March 2015–June 2016
|
University and university hospital
|
18
|
100% E. coli (16/16)
|
As close to the time of sample submission and after
|
21, mean 27
|
Up to 12 months
|
|
Nakayama [41]
|
2018
|
Japan
|
June 2015–August 2016
|
Unknown
|
19
|
100% E. coli
|
Before and up to 2 weeks after
|
2–12 days
|
None
|
|
Schaumburg* [42]
|
2019
|
Germany/the Netherlands
|
October 2016–March 2018
|
Vaccination center
|
132
|
ESBL-producing Enterobacterales
|
Up to 1 week before departure, during travel and up to 1 week after return
|
Mean: 18.7, maximum of six weeks
|
6 months (137–420 days after return)
|
