Fig. 5
From: Critical Reliability Issues of Common Type Alcohol-Based Handrub Dispensers
Working mechanism of two alcohol-based handrub dispensers. a) In the case of Dispenser #A, both of the two non-return valve ball leaked, the pump seeped almost the entire amount of stored ABHR during non-use. b) Effect of the handrub level in the dispenser tank for Dispenser #A. c) In the case of Dispenser #E, the middle spring-loaded non-return valve worked properly, while the bottom non-return valve ball did not. d) Effect of the handrub level in the dispenser tank in for Dispenser #E. Values in (B) and (D) are mean ± SD in 5 repeated measures