Table 1 Overall and per-groups analysis of surgical procedure and CS-SSI Characteristics
Overall (n = 1040) n (col%) | PRE-Int (n = 467) n (col%) | POST-Int (n = 573) n (col%) | p-value | adj-p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS type | 0.059 | 0.170β | |||
Elective | 76 (7.3) | 42 (9.0) | 34 (5.9) | ||
Emergency | 964 (92.7) | 425 (91.0) | 539 (94.1) | ||
Reason for CS | 0.043 | 0.155γ | |||
CS indication | 431 (41.4) | 209 (44.8) | 222 (38.7) | ||
No CS indication | 606 (58.3) | 255 (54.6) | 351 (61.3) | ||
Not known | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.6) | 0 | ||
Operator grade | 0.001 | 0.052 γ | |||
Senior | 345 (33.1) | 127 (27.2) | 218 (38.1) | ||
Junior | 685 (65.9) | 337 (72.2) | 348 60.7) | ||
Not known | 10 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.2) | ||
Skin disinfection | 0.000 | 0.001 γ | |||
Dettol | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 2 (0.3) | ||
Ethanol | 94 (9.0) | 90 (19.3) | 4 (0.7) | ||
Povidone/Iodine | 923 (88.8) | 366 (78.4) | 557 (97.2) | ||
Not known | 21 (2.0) | 11 (2.4) | 10 (1.7) | ||
Tipe of CS incision | 0.000 | 0.058 γ | |||
Pfannenstiel | 247 (23.8) | 82 (17.6) | 165 (28.8) | ||
Midline Vertical | 737 (70.9) | 341 (73.0) | 396 (69.1) | ||
Not known | 56 (5.4) | 44 (9.4) | 12 (2.1) | ||
Material used for skin suture | 0.000 | 0.044 γ | |||
Silk (non-absorbable) | 693 (66.6) | 339 (72.6) | 354 (61.8) | ||
Vicryl (absorbable) | 265 (25.5) | 91 (19.5) | 174 (30.4) | ||
Not known | 82 (7.9) | 37 (7.9) | 45 (7.9) | ||
Suture type | 0.000 | 0.076 γ | |||
Interrupted | 700 (67.3) | 327 (70.0) | 373 (65.1) | ||
Continuousintradermic and semisubcutaneous | 260 (26.0) | 96 (20.6) | 174 (30.4) | ||
Not known | 70 6.7 | 44 (9.4) | 26 (4.5) | ||
Pre-Incision Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 0.000 | 0.000 γ | |||
No | 457 (43.9) | 451 (96.6) | 6 (1.0) | ||
Yes | 572 (55.0) | 10 (2.1) | 562 (98.1) | ||
Not Known | 11 (1.1) | 6 (1.3) | 5 (0.9) | ||
Timing of Pre-Incision Antibiotic Prophylaxis | 0.017 | 0.011 γ | |||
Appropriate | 162 (28.3) | 5 (50) | 157 (27.9) | ||
Not appropriate | 372 (65) | 2 (20) | 370 (65.8) | ||
Not known | 38 (6.7) | 3 (30) | 35 (6.3) | ||
Post-Incysion Antibiotic administration | 0.000 | 0.000 γ | |||
No | 406 (39.0) | 4 (0.9) | 402 (70.2) | ||
Yes | 627 (60.3) | 459 (98.2) | 168 (29.3) | ||
Not Known | 7 (0.7) | 4 (0.9) | 3 (0.5) | ||
Day of first visit, mean, range (±SD) | 8.5, 1–38 (3.4) | 8.5, 2–37 (2.5) | 8.4, 1–38 (4.0) | 0.701 | |
Wound infection | 0.000 | 0.001 β | |||
Yes | 320 (30.8) | 225 (48.2) | 95 (16.6) | ||
No | 720 (69.2) | 242 (51.8) | 478 (83.4) | ||
Wound infection at first visit | 0.037 | 0.001 γ | |||
Yes | 224 (21.5) | 166 (73.8) | 58 (61.1) | ||
No | 742 (71.3) | 57 (25.3) | 37 (38.9) | ||
Not known | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.9) | 0 | ||
Type of wound infection | 0.000 | 0.045 γ | |||
Superficial | 218 (21.0) | 138 (61.3) | 80 (84.2) | ||
Deep/involving organ and/or spaces | 85 (8.2) | 74 (32.9) | 11 (11.6) | ||
Not known | 17 (1.6) | 13 (5.8) | 4 (4.2) |