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Table 4 Results of environmental examinations for multidrug-resistant organisms in Clinics A–C

From: Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Area

Clinic Aa

Clinic Ba

Clinic Ca

No. of sampling sitesb

MRS

ESBL-PE

No. of sampling sitesb

MRS

ESBL-PE

CPE

Macrococcus spp.

No. of sampling sitesb

MRS

Waiting area

3

1

0

3

0

0

0

0

3

1

Consultation rooms

6

0

0

6

5

0

2

1

3

0

ICU

4

2

0

6

5

0

4

0

6

4

Radiology

3

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

1

1

Ward

3

0

1

4

1

0

2

0

3

1

Quarantine ward

1

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

3

2

Pre-OR area

7

1

0

6

0

0

0

0

6

1

OR

10

0

0

10

0

0

0

0

10

0

Laboratory

4

0

0

4

1

0

0

0

3

1

Endoscopy

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

Dental room

3

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

2

0

Utensilsc

9

0

0

9

3

0

0

0

8

5

Othersd

7

0

0

8

2

1

0

0

4

2

Total no. of sampling sites

61

  

66

    

53

 

Total no. (%) of positive sampling sites

5 (8)

4 (7)

1 (2)

20 (30)

17 (26)

1 (2)

6 (9)e

1 (2)

17 (32)

17 (32)f

  1. a Results for all included multidrug-resistant organisms are shown (Methicillin-resistant staphylococci, ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and Macrococcus spp.); missing rows indicate no positive result for this group of multidrug-resistant organisms. Positive results are shown in bold. Details on species, strain and minimal inhibitory concentrations of the isolates are specified in Tables 1 and 2. bDetails on sampling sites are indicated in Additional file 3. cUtensils: transport boxes, transport trolleys, mobile phones / pagers, stethoscopes, thermometers, otoscopes, clippers, ultrasonography devices, scissors / clamps, sharp drops. dOthers: elevator, bath, feeding kitchen, lingerie, staff toilet, pneumatic dispatch system. eIn two sampling sites, two different isolates were found. fIn one sampling site, two different isolates were found. Abbreviations: MRS Methicillin-resistant staphylococci, ESBL-PE Extended spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, CPE carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, ICU intensive care unit, OR operating room