Fig. 1

Overlapping risk factors in 206 patients who had recent hospitalization outside Canada, recent travel to the Indian subcontinent, or previous/current CPO colonization. The number of instances of each risk factor is shown outside of each circle. Healthcare outside of Canada was received in India (n = 37), the United States of America (n = 11), Pakistan (n = 6), China (n = 6), Portugal (n = 3), or other countries (n = 29). CPO colonized patients carried NDM (n = 59), OXA-48 (n = 24), both NDM and OXA-48 (n = 9), KPC (n = 11), or VIM (n = 1). One third of patients in these three groups had more than one risk factor (71 of 206 patients). Of 36 patients who had all three risk factors, 35 received healthcare in the Indian subcontinent and one received healthcare in the Netherlands. The two patients who were positive for C. auris had recently travelled to India and received healthcare there, and were both co-colonized with NDM-1 and OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing organisms