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Table 1 Characteristics of the included articles in the systematic review and meta-analysis

From: Indirect comparison of efficacy between different antibiotic prophylaxis against the intracranial infection after craniotomy

Autho (Year)

Country

Participants

Type of intervention (manufacturers/companies)

Treatment group ICIs rate

Type of control

Control group ICIs rate

Savitz and Malis.(1976) [11]

USA

Craniotomy

200 mg Clindamycin IV (N/A)

1/60

No prophylactic antibiotic

9/50

Geraghty et al.(1984) [12]

Ireland

Craniotomy+Burr hole

1 g Vancomycin IV (N/A)

0/72

No prophylactic antibiotic

5/67

Young et al.(1987) [13]

USA

Craniotomy+Stereotaxic procedures+Shunt placement

1 g Cefazolin IV (N/A)

3/286

No prophylactic antibiotic

13/301

Blomstedt et al.(1988) [14]

Finland

Supratentorial+suboccipital Craniotomy

1 g Vancomycin IV (N/A)

3/169

No prophylactic antibiotic

14/191

Bullock et al.(1988) [15]

South Africa

Craniotomy+VP shunt

2 g Piperacillin sodium IV (N/A)

2/141

Placebo

10/159

Van Ek et al.(1988) [16]

Netherlands

Craniotomy with Bone flap+subdual drainage+insertion+interval shunt+ommaya reseroir

1 g Cloxacillin IV (N/A)

6/183

Placebo

20/195

Blum et al.(1989) [17]

Germany

Shunt

50 mg/kg Cefazedone IV (RefosporinR, E. Merck)

3/50

No prophylactic antibiotic

7/50

Djindjian et al.(1990) [18]

France

Cerebral tumor+Meningioma+Vascular+Posterior fossa+stereotactic

1 g Oxacillin IV (N/A)

1/148

Placebo

7/153

Gaillard et al.(1991) [19]

Germany

Craniotomy

2 g Cefotiam IV (N/A)

12/356

Placebo

32/355

Mindermann et al.(1993) [20]

Switzerland

Craniotomy+Posterior fossa+Cranioplast+Ventricular-peritoneal shunting

500 mg Fusidic acid IV (Leo Pharmaceutical Products, Zuirich, Switzerland)

1/41

Placebo

4/44

Huang W. et al.(2009) [21]

China

Craniotomy

500 mg Vancomycin IV (Eli Lilly Japan K. K, Seishin Laboratories)

1/92

No prophylactic antibiotic

5/51