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Table 2 Clinical characteristic investigated for association with CS-GNB sepsis (Case group 2) in an adult clinical-surgical ICU

From: Predictive factors for sepsis by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli in adult critical patients in Rio de Janeiro: a case-case-control design in a prospective cohort study

Predictive Factors

Univariate analysis

Odds ratio

95% CI

pt valor

CS-GNB (n = 30)

Controls (n = 94)

   

Demographic data

 Age in years, median (range)

66 (27–82)

62 (19–92)

1.01

0.98–1.04

0.46

 Male sex, n (%)

9 (30)

46 (49)

2.24

0.93–5.39

0.07

Comorbiditiesa, n (%)

 Diabetes mellitusb

15 (50)

35 (37)

1.69

0.74–3.86

0.22

 Renal failurec

8 (27)

38 (40)

0.54

0.22–1.33

0.18

 Hemodialysisd

3 (10)

18 (19)

0.47

0.13–1.72

0.25

 Chronic liver diseasee

2 (7)

9 (10)

0.67

0.14–3.31

0.63

 Immunossupressive conditionf

6 (20)

11 (12)

1.89

0.63–5.63

0.26

 Gastrointestinal disease

9 (30)

18 (19)

1.81

0.71–4.61

0.21

 Geniturinary disease

3 (10)

9 (10)

1.05

0.27–4.16

0.95

 Pulmonary disease

7 (23)

14 (15)

1.74

0.63–4.82

0.29

 AIDS or chronic infectious disease

2 (7)

3 (3)

2.17

0.35–13.62

0.41

 Surgeryg

19 (63)

46 (49)

1.80

0.77–4.20

0.17

 Infection/Colonization by CR-GNB

5 (17)

7 (7)

2.49

0.73–8.51

0.15

 Nosocomial diarrheah

5 (17)

6 (6)

2.93

0.83–10.42

0.10

 Neutropeniai

1 (3)

4 (4)

0.78

0.08–7.22

0.82

 Neoplasm

17 (57)

28 (30)

3.08

1.32–7.19

0.009

 Infection

10 (33)

31 (33)

0.92

0.39–2.21

0.86

Prior ICU hospitalization, n (%)

9 (30)

5 (5)

7.63

2.32–25.13

0.001

Length of hospital stay (in days)

 Median (range)

15 (0–142)

10 (0–143)

1.01

0.99–1.03

0.16

ICU hospitalization reason, n (%)

 Elective or emergency surgery

10 (33)

28 (30)

1.18

0.49–2.84

0.71

 Respiratory tract disease

5 (17)

14 (15)

1.14

0.38–3.49

0.82

 Cardiovascular disease

1 (3)

8 (9)

0.37

0.04–3.09

0.36

 Neurological disease

3 (10)

11 (12)

0.84

0.22–3.23

0.80

 Gastrointestinal disease

1(3)

5 (5)

0.61

0.07–5.47

0.66

 Renal pathology

1 (3)

11 (12)

0.26

0.03–2.10

0.21

 Sepsis

10 (33)

30 (32)

1.07

0.45–2.56

0.89

 Sepsis shock

10 (33)

27 (39)

1.24

0.51–2.99

0.63

Total SOFA scorej at ICU admission,

 Median (range)

6 (1–18)

6 (0–17)

1.03

0.93–1.14

0.58

SAPs 3 scorek, median (range)

66 (27–97)

64 (29–105)

1.00

0.98–1.02

0.95

Invasive devices, n (%)

 Mechanical ventilation

18 (60)

58 (62)

0.97

0.42–2.25

0.95

 Central vascular catheter

25 (83)

81 (86)

0.80

0.26–2.47

0.70

 Urinary catheter

23 (77)

72 (76)

1.00

0.38–2.65

0.99

Previous use of antimicrobials, n (%)

 Aminoglycosidesl

2 (7)

7 (7)

0.89

0.17–4.52

0.89

 Cephalosporins, 3rd and 4rd generationsm

5 (17)

16 (17)

0.98

0.32–2.93

0.96

 Carbapenemsn

5 (17)

32 (34)

0.39

0.14–1.11

0.08

 Glycopeptideso, linezolid and tigecycline

7 (23)

35 (37)

0.51

0.19–1.30

0.17

 Fluoroquinolonesp

2 (7)

15 (16)

0.38

0.08–1.75

0.21

 Metronidazole

7 (23)

13 (14)

1.90

0.68–5.31

0.22

 Piperacilin-tazobactam

8 (27)

21 (22)

1.26

0.49–3.25

0.63

 Polymyxinsq

3 (10)

9 (10)

1.05

0.27–4.16

0.95

 ATB with action for anaerobesr

14 (47)

59 (63)

0.52

0.23–1.19

0.12

 Antifungal agentss

3 (10)

13 (14)

0.69

0.18–2.61

0.59

  1. Abbreviations: AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, ATB antibiotic agents, CI Confidence interval, CR-GNB Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli, ICU Intensive Care Unit
  2. aPrior comorbidities or conditions to investigated sepsis episode
  3. bDiagnosis of diabetes mellitus requiring oral or injectable hypoglycemic drug
  4. cCreatinine clearance < 30 cc/min
  5. dRequired in the last 90 days
  6. eLaboratory clinical evidence
  7. fPrednisone > 10 mg for more than 50 days, corticosteroid for > 7 days or immunomodulatory agents (examples: monoclonal agents, methotrexate)
  8. gIn the last 30 days
  9. hNosocomial diarrhea (3 or more daily episodes of stool for 2 or more days)
  10. iGranulocytes < 500 cells/mm3
  11. jSequential Organ Failure Assessment score
  12. kSimplified Acute Physiology Score III
  13. lAmikacin and gentamicin
  14. mCeftriaxone, ceftazidime and cefepime
  15. nErtapenem, imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem
  16. oDaptomycin, teicoplanin and vancomycin
  17. pCiprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
  18. qPolymyxin B and colistin
  19. rAntibacterial agents with action for anaerobes – Amoxicilin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacilin-tazobactam, clindamycin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and metronidazole
  20. sAmphotericin B family (standard, lipid complex or liposomal Amphotericin), echinocandins and azoles
  21. tPearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test, as required, and considering statistically significant p < 0.05