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Table 1 Patient Characteristics before and after matching between the case and control groups, 2017

From: Estimating length of stay and inpatient charges attributable to hospital-acquired bloodstream infections

 

BSI (N = 557)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

No BSI (N = 118,043)

SMD*

No BSI (N = 557)

SMD*

Control (N = 557)

SMD*

Age (mean, SD)

57.02 (21.3)

51.09 (18.4)

0.297

56.75 (18.1)

0.013

56.29 (17.82)

0.036

Sex, female (n, %)

195 (35.0)

54,505 (46.2)

0.229

206 (37.0)

0.041

224 (40.2)

0.108

Insurance, yes (n, %)

164 (29.4)

33,386 (28.3)

0.026

157 (28.2)

0.028

126 (29.3)

0.156

Region (n, %)

  

0.161

 

0.111

 

0.078

 Northeast

52 (9.3)

13,192 (11.2)

 

67 (12.0)

 

47 (8.4)

 

 Eastern

80 (14.4)

18,091 (15.3)

 

86 (15.4)

 

77 (13.8)

 

 Northern

348 (62.5)

71,757 (60.8)

 

337 (60.5)

 

356 (63.9)

 

 Central

30 (5.4)

8387 (7.1)

 

23 (4.1)

 

32 (5.7)

 

 Southern

9 (1.6)

598 (0.5)

 

9 (1.6)

 

5 (0.9)

 

 Southwest

10 (1.8)

1698 (1.4)

 

8 (1.4)

 

10 (1.8)

 

 Northwest

28 (5.0)

4320 (3.7)

 

27 (4.8)

 

30 (5.4)

 

Charlson score (mean, SD)

2.2 (2.6)

1.6 (2.7)

0.216

2.4 (2.9)

0.066

2.4 (2.9)

0.076

ICU (n, %)

91 (16.2)

4577 (3.9)

0.422

84 (15.3)

0.030

79 (16.9)

0.060

Receive any procedures

 Surgery (n, %)

153 (27.5)

41,014 (34.7)

0.158

155 (27.8)

0.008

126 (22.6)

0.112

 Central line catheter (n, %)

246 (44.2)

10,207 (8.6)

0.880

253 (45.4)

0.025

213 (38.2)

0.121

 Urinary catheter (n, %)

235 (42.2)

29,255 (24.8)

0.375

220 (39.5)

0.055

213 (38.2)

0.081

 Ventilator (n, %)

132 (23.7)

4328 (3.7)

0.609

136 (24.4)

0.017

92 (16.5)

0.180

Primary discharge diagnosis (ICD-10) (n, %)

  

0.665

 

0.175

 

0.259

 A00-B99

16 (2.9)

796 (0.7)

 

15 (2.7)

 

14 (2.5)

 

 C00-D48

126 (22.6)

24,090 (20.4)

 

145 (26.0)

 

130 (23.3)

 

 D50-D89

5 (0.9)

384 (0.3)

 

5 (0.9)

 

3 (0.5)

 

 E00-E90

1 (0.2)

2910 (2.5)

 

0

 

2 (0.4)

 

 F00-F99

0

194 (0.2)

 

0

 

0

 

 G00-G99

13 (2.3)

2331 (2.0)

 

12 (2.2)

 

11 (2.0)

 

 H00-H59

0

3146 (2.7)

 

0

 

0

 

 H60-H95

0

2290 (1.9)

 

0

 

0

 

 I00-I99

54 (9.7)

15,562 (13.2)

 

49 (8.8)

 

37 (6.6)

 

 J00-J99

42 (7.5)

3118 (2.6)

 

37 (6.6)

 

25 (4.5)

 

 K00-K93

80 (14.4)

7673 (6.5)

 

81 (14.5)

 

84 (15.1)

 

 L00-L99

1 (0.2)

860 (0.7)

 

0

 

1 (0.2)

 

 M00-M99

15 (2.7)

8178 (6.9)

 

10 (1.8)

 

8 (1.4)

 

 N00-N99

25 (4.5)

7336 (6.2)

 

18 (3.2)

 

25 (4.5)

 

 O00-O99

3 (0.5)

2841 (2.4)

 

1 (0.2)

 

5 (0.9)

 

 P00-P96

6 (1.1)

656 (0.6)

 

8 (1.4)

 

8 (1.4)

 

 Q00-Q99

4 (0.7)

1760 (1.5)

 

6 (1.1)

 

3 (0.5)

 

 R00-R99

5 (0.9)

729 (0.6)

 

5 (0.9)

 

6 (1.1)

 

 S00-T98

34 (6.1)

3265 (2.8)

 

29 (5.2)

 

27 (4.8)

 

 Z00-Z99

127 (22.8)

29,913 (25.3)

 

136 (24.4)

 

168 (30.2)

 
  1. Model 1, no matching; Model 2, conventional propensity score matching; Model 3, risk set matching. BSI Bloodstream infection, SMD Standardized mean difference. A00-B99 Certain infectious and parasitic diseases, C00-D48 Neoplasms, D50-D89 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism, E00-E90 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, F00-F99 Mental and behavioral disorders, G00-G99 Diseases of the nervous system, H00-H59 Diseases of the eye and adnexa, H60-H95 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process, I00-I99 Diseases of the circulatory system, J00-J99 Diseases of the respiratory system, K00-K93 Diseases of the digestive system, L00-L99 Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, M00-M99 Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, N00-N99 Diseases of the genitourinary system, O00-O99 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, P00-P96 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, Q00-Q99 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities, R00-R99 Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, S00-T98 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, Z00-Z99 Factors influencing health status and contact with health services