Azithromycin resistant gonococci: a literature review

Table 1 Magnitude of Azithromycin resistant gonococci measured by different methods

Country	Author	Year of the study	Method of AST	Magnitude of AZM resistance (%)	Reference
Hungary	Brunner et al. Brunner et al.	2014, 2016	MIC strip test Liofilchem®, Agar dilution	16–30.0	[14, 26]
India	Kulkarni et al.	2018	Disc diffusion with E-test	5	[24]
China	Jing-Yao et al.; Li, W et al. Jiang et al. Yin et al.	2016, 2017, 2017 2018	Agar dilution method	3.6–28.6	[35,36,37,38]
Europe (EU)	Cole et al.	2014	Agar dilution	5.3	[39]
United States	Kirkcaldy et al,	2015	Agar dilution methods	0.4	[40]
Germany	Regnath et al. Beder et al.	2016 2018	E-test	5.5–11.9	[18, 29]
Netherlands	Wind et al.	2017	Agar dilution	1.2	[25]
Zimbabwe	Latif et al.	2016	E-test	10	[31]
Uganda	Vandepitte et al.	2014	E-test	16.2	[32]
Poland	Młynarczyk-Bonikowska et al.	2014	E-test	Sensitivity was at 38.5%	[41]
South America and the Caribbean	Dillon J-AR et al.	2014	Agar dilution	10	[42]
France	Belkacem et al.	2016	E-test	1	[16]
Cyprus	Cole et al.	2015	Agar dilution	33.3	[17]
Greece	Cole et al.	2015	Agar dilution	22.7	[17]
Taiwan	Liu et al.	2018	Agar dilutiom	14.6	[20]
Australia	Lahra et al.	2016	Agar dilution	1.7	[21]

ISSN: 2047-2994