Fig. 4From: Silica nanoparticles with encapsulated DNA (SPED) – a novel surrogate tracer for microbial transmission in healthcareSPED1 skin concentration before and after hand cleaning procedures in Experiment 2. Legend: Disinfection, hand cleansing with alcohol-based handrub; Washing, washing hands with soap and water; Control, no hand hygiene action; Error bars = Standard deviationBack to article page